便携式激光诱导击穿光谱仪测定土壤中重金属

土壤重金属污染对农作物生长和人体健康都有严重危害,现场快速检测对土壤重金属污染调查、应急监测具有重要意义。采用自主研发的土壤重金属激光诱导击穿光谱现场快速检测仪对矿区周边土壤进行现场检测分析,以835个不同基质土壤的光谱数据建立定标数据库,通过支持向量机建立回归模型对土壤重金属元素含量进行定量反演。现场检测获取的全波段光谱波动在15%以内,Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb和Zn等6种元素光谱强度相对标准偏差平均值为6.31%。将检测结果与实验室电感耦合等离子体质谱法分析对比,6种元素的皮尔逊相关系数r在0.850 1～0.982 9,检测结果80%以上处于±30%相对误差区间分布。对比结果表明自主研发的土壤重金属激光诱导击穿光谱现场检测仪可以满足现场快速检测需求。     

The Electrochemiluminescent Immunosensors for Point-of-Care Testing of Methamphetamine Using a Portable Meter

The crowd of methamphetamine (METH) abuse has obviously increased during past decades, their physical and mental health are seriously jeopardized. It compelled growing worry worldwide so that there is an anxious requirement to develop the accurate, sensitive, rapid, and convenient detection techniques to tackle the problem. In regard to this matter, we reported two sensors for METH with synergistical alliance of sensitive electrochemiluminescence (ECL) quantification and specifically immune recognition. These sensors are applicable for point-of-care testing when equipped a portable ECL meter with outstanding performance, makes the feasibility of on-spot analysis. The dual-way analysis of immunosensors can be carried on, both exhibit unprecedented sensitivity toward METH. Here, AuNPs functioned indium tin oxide (ITO) coated polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is used as the basal electrode, providing excellent ECL background and supporting the sensing matrix. The real sample identification demonstrated the practicability and accuracy which met the requirement of forensic judgement and clinical treatment. This work provides a viable methodology and technology for a rapid and reliable analysis of hard drug abuser's samples.     

The development of fieldable laser-induced breakdown spectrometer: No limits on the horizon

In this review, new trends in the development of fieldable instrumentation based on laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and its recent applications is presented. Depending on the LIBS configuration we will distinguish between portable, remote and stand-off instruments. Moreover, the development of portable systems gives greater flexibility and also increases the range of LIBS applications. In general, portable instruments are employed in close-contact applications like immovable artworks, contaminated soils and environmental diagnostic, while remote and stand-off instruments are normally used in analytical applications at distances where access to the sample is difficult or hazardous. Although remote and stand-off instruments are both used for chemical analysis at distances, the instrumental configurations are completely different. In remote analysis, an optical fiber is employed to deliver the laser energy a certain distance. This approach has been usually restricted to industrial applications, bulk analysis in water, geological measurements and chemical analysis on nuclear stations. In the case of stand-off applications, the laser beam and the returning plasma light are transmitted in an open-path configuration. In this article we also discuss the instrumental requirements in the design of remote and stand-off instruments.     

Novel oxidation reaction of prochlorperazine with bromate in the presence of synergistic activators and its application to trace determination by flow injection/spectrophotometric method

Valve-based comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC × GC) is one of the most compact, robust, and inexpensive GC × GC instrument designs. The major drawback of a valve-based modulation configuration lies in diminished detection sensitivity. This loss in sensitivity is because under typical operating conditions the fraction of the first column (i.e., column 1) effluent transferred to the second column (i.e., column 2) is likely to be ∼5-10%. To address this loss in sensitivity, we report the development of a unique total-transfer (i.e., 100%) valve-based GC × GC, without adding complexity to the instrumentation. The new instrument design relies upon simply blocking one of the appropriate ports of the high-speed six-port diaphragm valve that is used as the modulator between columns 1 and 2. The modulation period and difference in head pressure between columns 1 and 2 are found to be the two primary variables that are controlled to provide good detection sensitivity and 100% mass transfer from column 1 to column 2. The detection sensitivity is better with a longer the modulation period. A limit of detection of 0.03 ng/μl was obtained for octane. This sensitive GC × GC configuration is also shown to provide acceptable separation peak capacity, with good separations achieved for real complex samples: gasoline and Eucalyptus oil, where compounds were spread out over much of the two-dimensional separation space. In principle, this total-transfer, valve-based GC × GC is more portable and less expensive than currently available GC × GC instrumentation.     

便携式数控系统ARM监控平台的设计

在数控系统中,通常需要利用串口或者CAN总线进行数据监控,针对满足其数据采集与发送及存储的技术要求,提出一种便携式的数控系统监控平台设计方法;基于Freescale的ARM芯片MCIMX357与Linux操作系统,利用外围接口电路,实现大容量数据存储、串口多模式通信、CAN总线数据监控,同时附加人机友好界面,利用配套电源管理方案实现低功耗便携功能;通过测试表明设计合理可靠,功耗为3.5W,串口通信频率为115200bps,CAN通信速度为500K,同时该设计成果成功应用于我单位某型数控系统中。     

Efficient computer search of large-order multiple recursive pseudo-random number generators

Utilizing some results in number theory, we propose an efficient method to speed up the computer search of large-order maximum-period Multiple Recursive Generators (MRGs). We conduct the computer search and identify many efficient and portable MRGs of order up to 25,013, which have the equi-distribution property in up to 25,013 dimensions and the period lengths up to 10^233,361 approximately. In addition, a theoretical test is adopted to further evaluate and compare these generators. An extensive empirical study shows that these generators behave well when tested with the stringent Crush battery of the test package TestU01.     

Novel colorimetric sensor for oral malodour

Volatile sulphur compounds are the primary constituents of oral malodour. Quantitative tools for the detection of oral malodour are beneficial to evaluate the intensity of malodour, analyse its causes and monitor the effectiveness of customized treatments. We have developed an objective, cost effective, do-it-yourself colorimetric sensor for oral malodour quantification. The sensor consisted of a sensing solution, a gas sampling unit for collecting a known volume of mouth air and a photometric detector. The sensing solution was iodine and the depletion of iodine on reaction with hydrogen sulphide was detected colorimetrically using starch. The detection limit of the sensor is 0.05 μg L⁻¹ of hydrogen sulphide, which is fit-for-purpose for oral malodour detection in healthy subjects as well as halitosis patients. Volatile sulphur compounds in mouth air were quantified in healthy human volunteers using this portable sensor and the detected levels were in the range of 0.2-0.4 μg L⁻¹. There was a good correlation between the VSC levels detected by the colorimetric sensor and halimeter (R² = 0.934). The developed sensor can be easily fabricated in the laboratory, and it shows high potential to be used as a clinical evaluation tool for oral malodour assessments.     

A palm-sized surface plasmon resonance sensor with microchip flow cell

A small-sized surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor with a microchip flow cell has been developed for the purpose of enhancing the sensitivity of the SPR detector for low molecular weight compounds. This portable differential SPR detector consisted of an LED, two cylindrical lenses, a round prism, a divided mirror, a CCD, electronics, and a polydimethylsiloxane/gold microchip with two flow paths (10 mm long, 1 mm wide, 20-100 μm deep). 3-Mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane was used for sealing the microchip. The performance of the on-site orientated SPR detector was estimated using sucrose and IgA. A drastic change in the SPR intensity appeared. The depth of the flow cell was in inverse proportion to the SPR intensity. Compared to a conventional flow cell having the size of 10 mm (L) × 1 mm (W) × 1 mm (D), its sensitivity to 10% sucrose and 0.9 nM IgA increased about 11 and 39 times, respectively. This phenomenon seemed to be due to the increase in the substance on the SPR sensor based on its size effect. These results showed that the application of the microchip sensor for SPR measurement has the possibility for improvement of the SPR intensity for low molecular substances.     

Deterioration of highly filled EPDM rubber by thermal ageing in air: Kinetics and non-destructive monitoring

The effects of air ageing at different temperatures between 110 and 170 °C on cable transit seals based on highly filled EPDM rubber used in nuclear power plants were studied. The changes of the macroscopic mechanical properties (Young's modulus, indentation modulus and strain-at-break) were in accordance with the Arrhenius equation with an activation energy of 110 kJ mol⁻¹. Profiling to assess the structure and property gradients within aged blocks was performed via IR spectroscopy, micro-indentation, gravimetric analysis of n-heptane-extracted samples and non-invasive portable NMR spectroscopy. A previously developed methodology was used to separate the deterioration into three different processes: polymer oxidation that was diffusion-limited at all temperatures, migration of low-molar-mass species to the surrounding media and anaerobic changes to the polymer network. The methodology allowed the assessment of the kinetics (rate as a function of time and temperature) of the different processes. It was noticed that polymer oxidation yielded more crosslinking at higher temperatures than at lower temperatures. The data obtained by both the portable NMR (a non-invasive method) and the indentation modulus profiling showed correlations with strain-at-break data, indicating their usefulness as condition monitoring methods.     

Forensic Applications of Portable X‐ray Fluorescence Spectrometer: Glass Samples

Portable X‐ray Fluorescence Spectrometer (PXRF) is a qualitative and semi‐quantitative elemental analysis method. Recently, many researches using PXRF in the elemental analysis of materials have been reported. However, PXRF has not been extensively applied in forensic science, thus this study is devoted to demonstrate the utility of this technique through a rapid elemental analysis of glass samples for preliminary glass discrimination. Major elements such as Si, O, Ca, Al, and Na, as well as traces of Sr, Rb, K, Fe and Sn, in 25 glass samples were analyzed by PXRF. The amounts of some elements, such as Fe, K, Zr, and Sr, vary in different samples, while other elements, such as Th, are consistent in most tested glass samples. The results show that we can discriminate 98.31 % of 7,500 pair‐wise comparisons created from 25 glass samples. This study establishes PXRF as a new rapid method for the preliminary elemental analysis of glass, which shows a potential to be further applied for discrimination of glass samples in forensic field.