Calculation of the Flow around a High-Pressure Turbine Blade with Cooling-Jet Injection from Slots at the Leading Edge

A fully vectorised, basically three-dimensional finite-volume multi-block method for flows with complex boundaries is applied in a stripped-down two-dimensional version for the investigation of the flow field in the leading-edge region of a high-pressure turbine blade with slot cooling-jet injection. The calculation results are compared with experiments and the numerical results of other investigators. The present method yields excellent agreement with the experiments for the isentropic Mach number distributions on the blade surface. All numerical results for the velocity field were found to be in very good agreement with each other and with experiments on the suction side, while the agreement is not as good on the pressure side.     

Experimental study of pre-swirl flow effect on the heat transfer process in the entry region of a convergent pipe

Experiments have been performed to study the heat transfer process of swirling flow issued into a heated convergent pipe with a convergent angle of 5° with respect to the pipe axis. A flat vane swirler situated at the entrance of the pipe is used to generate the swirling flow. During the experiments, the Reynolds number ranges from 7970 to 47,820, and the swirl number from 0 to 1.2. It is found that the convergence of the pipe can accelerate the flow which has an effect to suppress the turbulence generated in the flow and reduce the heat transfer. However, in the region of weak swirl (S = 0-0.65), the Nusselt numbers increase with increasing swirl numbers until S = 0.65, where turbulence intensity is expected to be large enough and not suppressible. In the region of strong swirl (S > 0.65), where recirculation flow is expected to be generated in the core of the swirling flow, the heat transfer characteristic can be altered significantly. At very high swirl (S ? 1.0), the accelerated flow in the circumferential direction is expected to be dominant, which leads to suppress the turbulence and reduce the heat transfer. The Nusselt number is found proportional to the swirl number. Correlations of the Nusselt numbers in terms of the swirl number, the Reynolds number and the dimensionless distance are attempted and are very successful in both the weak and the strong swirl regions.     

等离子枪体中冷却水流动与换热的数值模拟

基于计算流体力学和传热学,建立等离子喷涂枪喷嘴冷却水流动和换热分析模型,以SIMPLE方法对其进行了耦合计算.结果表明,喷嘴冷却存在薄弱部位,即热源附近的喷嘴壁面和喷嘴后端的密封垫圈.在此基础之上,对不同冷却水流速和流向进行了对比分析,得出较为理想的冷却水流速,合理的进水方式.     

一种简易的激光冷却和俘获87Rb原子的实验系统

介绍了一套用于Rb原子的冷却和俘获的实验装置.采用注入锁定技术,获得了波长为780 nm (单频,频率波动<2 MHz, 频率调谐范围4.5 GHz)、输出功率为60 mW的冷却光. 通过在饱和吸收上加磁场的方法,实现了冷却光的偏频(10 MHz)负失谐锁定;采用磁光阱系统,实现了原子的冷却和俘获.     

Beam localization in HIFU temperature measurements using thermocouples, with application to cooling by large blood vessels

Experimental studies of thermal effects in high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) procedures are often performed with the aid of fine wire thermocouples positioned within tissue phantoms. Thermocouple measurements are subject to several types of error which must be accounted for before reliable inferences can be made on the basis of the measurements. Thermocouple artifact due to viscous heating is one source of error. A second is the uncertainty regarding the position of the beam relative to the target location or the thermocouple junction, due to the error in positioning the beam at the junction. This paper presents a method for determining the location of the beam relative to a fixed pair of thermocouples. The localization technique reduces the uncertainty introduced by positioning errors associated with very narrow HIFU beams. The technique is presented in the context of an investigation into the effect of blood flow through large vessels on the efficacy of HIFU procedures targeted near the vessel. Application of the beam localization method allowed conclusions regarding the effects of blood flow to be drawn from previously inconclusive (because of localization uncertainties) data. Comparison of the position-adjusted transient temperature profiles for flow rates of 0 and 400 ml/min showed that blood flow can reduce temperature elevations by more than 10%, when the HIFU focus is within a 2 mm distance from the vessel wall. At acoustic power levels of 17.3 and 24.8 W there is a 20- to 70-fold decrease in thermal dose due to the convective cooling effect of blood flow, implying a shrinkage in lesion size. The beam-localization technique also revealed the level of thermocouple artifact as a function of sonication time, providing investigators with an indication of the quality of thermocouple data for a given exposure time. The maximum artifact was found to be double the measured temperature rise, during initial few seconds of sonication.     

饱和食盐水比热容的测量

在室温下分别利用散热法、混合法对饱和食盐水的比热容进行测量,通过比较推知饱和食盐水比热容的值大约为3.212～3.243J/（g.K）。所得结果的可靠性主要与实验的系统误差有关。     

Xe-NH (X3∑-)体系的势能面和冷碰撞动力学研究

以超冷Xe原子感应冷却NH（X³∑^-）分子实验为背景,理论研究磁场中Xe和NH的冷碰撞动力学性质.通过从头算方法得到了解析表达的Xe-NH体系势能面,并在此基础上采用量子动力学计算方法,研究了磁场条件下NH低场追索态（n=0,m_j=1）的冷碰撞塞曼弛豫截面.结果表明超冷Xe原子感应冷却NH分子可能在实验上难以实施.     

冷热电联产系统的评价准则

本文通过对以燃气轮机回热循环为动力系统的冷热电联产系统进行热力学分析,对几种常用的评价准则进行了比较。通过分析,认为能量利用系数将冷、热、电等各股能量等价看待,(火用)效率过分看重能量的作功能力,折合发电效率过分关注冷、热能的输出,均不适于冷热电联产系统的评价;节能率反映的是输入能量的使用情况,经济(火用)效率在某种程度上是经济性的表现,比较适于冷热电联产系统的评价。研究中发现,燃气轮机温比有利于系统性能的提高,但针对不同的目标有不同的最佳压比;在节能率的使用中需要明确参照系统的性能。     

强流四杆型RFQ加速腔水冷系统的设计和数值模拟

为了研制一个强中子发生器，北京大学重离子物理研究所设计了一台高负载因子、高流强的RFQ加速器. 本文讨论了RFQ加速腔水冷系统的设计，使用有限元软件ANSYS对水冷系统进行了分析. 使用MAFIA模拟计算得到的功率密度，并将其作为ANSYS水冷模型的边界条件. 因为MAFIA程序和ANSYS程序分网方法的不同，使用一个程序来将MAFIA的结果导入到ANSYS模型中，从而建立起了RFQ加速腔的热分析模型. 通过这个热分析模型分析并检验了水冷系统的设计，确定了水冷系统的结构. 模拟计算结果表明：使用目前设计的这套水冷系统，能够使RFQ加速器工作在适宜的温度下以及长时间稳定的运行.     

发汗冷却换热过程的实验研究与数值模拟

本文对水平矩形槽道内湍流对流换热与发汗冷却进行了实验研究和数值模拟。实验结果表明:随着冷却气体流量的增加,发汗冷却壁面温度、局部对流换热系数和Nu数都迅速下降;在注入率为1％时,壁温下降了约40％,对流换热系数降低至50％左右。随着注入率的增大,壁面热流先是增加,在F=0.7％-0.8％左右时达到一个最大值,随后下降。St/St0随着注入率的增大而降低; St／St0的实验值与由已有关联式以及数值计算得到的值基本吻合。