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31.
In this article, the linear and nonlinear shear rheological behaviors of polylactide (PLA)/clay (organophilic‐montmorillonite) nanocomposites (PLACNs) were investigated by an Advanced Rheology Expanded System rheometer. The nanocomposites were prepared by master batch method using a twin‐screw extruder with poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) as a compatibilizer. The presence of org‐MMT leads to obvious pseudo‐solid‐like behaviors of nanocomposite melts. The behaviors caused by the formation of a “percolating network” derived from the reciprocity among the strong related sheet particles. Therefore, the storage moduli, loss moduli, and dynamic viscosities of PLACNs show a monotonic increase with MMT content. Nonterminal behaviors exists in PLACNs nanocomposites. Besides the PLACNs melts show a greater shear thinning tendency than pure PLA melt because of the preferential orientation of the MMT layers. Therefore, PLACNs have higher moduli but better processibility compared with pure PLA. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 45: 3189–3196, 2007 相似文献
32.
33.
G. I. Nikishin L. L. Sokova V. D. Makhaev N. I. Kapustina 《Russian Chemical Bulletin》2008,57(1):118-123
The solid-phase oxidation of cinnamic, 4-methoxy- and 3,4-dimethoxycinnamic acids with Ce(NH4)2(NO3)6—MHal system leads to β-halostyrenes. Similar procedure in the absence of a metal halide results in a cleavage of the C=C
bond giving the corresponding benzaldehydes.
Published in Russian in Izvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 1, pp. 114–118, January, 2008. 相似文献
34.
Kwangwon Park 《Talanta》2007,73(4):791-794
It is very challenging to decompose a plastic product for the purpose of analysis of hazardous elements contained. To circumvent such technical problem, it is imperative that an analyst employ a nondestructive analytical method free of any pretreatments. The analytical results of the concentrations of toxic metals such as Cd and Cr in polypropylene for seven samples at two different levels were obtained using the instrumental neutron activation analysis. This work was intended ultimately to establish certified reference materials (CRMs) of these metals in the polypropylene, traceable to the SI. The uncertainties associated with the analytical procedures were estimated in accordance with the ISO guideline. The results were subsequently validated by a comparison with those for CRM-680 and −681 of the Bureau Communautaire de Reference (BCR), which demonstrated acceptable agreement within their uncertainty ranges. 相似文献
35.
M. López Granados F. Cabello Galisteo M. Alifanti J.L.G. Fierro 《Applied Surface Science》2006,252(24):8442-8450
This work reports the research carried out by studying aliquots extracted at different axial coordinates from Three Way Catalyst (TWC) monoliths aged under real traffic conditions. Our study focused on the catalytic properties and on several chemical and physical effects caused in the Front and Rear monolith washcoat surfaces by vehicle aging after 60,000 km. Regarding the catalytic properties, all the used aliquots showed poorer activity than their corresponding fresh counterparts. The strongest deactivation was detected for NO and hydrocarbon conversion. CO conversion was less affected and the Rear monolith was as deactivated as the Front one. The characterisation techniques (TXRF, N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms, XRD and H2-TPR) detected - (i) the deposition of P, Zn and Pb; (ii) the formation of CePO4 on account of the Ce from the washcoat; (iii) thermal sintering; (iv) inhibition of the reducibility of Ce oxides - as the main effects brought about by vehicle aging conditions. The deactivation observed at the beginning of the Front monolith was the result of a combination of the former effects. When moving downstream to higher axial coordinates, Pb accumulation and the loss of specific area appeared to be the only probable sources of deactivation. 相似文献
36.
37.
纳米碳酸锌的制备和热分解动力学参数的测定 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Nanosized zinc carbonate was prepared in the droplet of nano-reactor based on microemusion. The influences of the concentration of the surfactant and reactant on the diameter of nanoparticles were studied and the kinetic pa-rameters of thermal decomposition reaction were determined. It can be shown from experimental results, the di-ameter of the droplet in the microemulsion which have dissolved reactant zinc nitrate and sal volatile is between 4.9nm and 7.7nm, 6.2nm and 12.4nm, respectively. Nanosized zinc carbonate prepared by the method of mi-croemusion has shown good dispersion, narrow distribution and light agglomeration. The particle size of nanosized zinc carbonate is between 5nm and 40nm, and its kinetic parameters of thermal decomposition reaction-activation energy E and reaction order n are 110kJ·mol-1 and 0.9, respectively. 相似文献
38.
39.
O. N. Babkina O. M. Chukanova E. E. Faingol"d N. M. Bravaya 《Russian Chemical Bulletin》2004,53(4):785-790
Quantitative characteristics of changes in the energy of charge transfer from -bonded ligands to metal are presented for the series of structurally similar ansa-metallocene complexes of IVB Group elements. The changes are caused by the solvation effect, replacement of -bonded chlorine ligands by methyl groups and of bridging ethylene groups by dimethylsilylene moieties, introduction of the methyl substituent into position 2 and phenyl substituent into position 4 of the indenyl system, variation of the transition metal in metallocene, and formation of complexes with polymethylalumoxane (MAO) at different AlMAO/Zr ratios. These effects are found to be additive. 相似文献
40.
In the absence of any trapping agent, stable neopentyl-Pd intermediates can terminate a catalytic cycle by undergoing a regioselective C-H activation, leading to various spiro or fused cyclopropane derivatives in a straightforward manner. If the neopentyl-Pd intermediate contains a heteroatom at a suitable position, C-H activation does not occur and stable palladacycles are isolated. 相似文献