Separation of Inert Gases by Means of the Diffusion Chromatography

Abstract

A mixture of inert gases, He, Ne, Ar, Kr and Xe can be separated into their respective components by applying the technique of diffusion chromatography, in which a special apparatus is not required. Only neccessary is the properly distributed micropores in the column. It can be operated above room temperature. The resultant chromatogram shows sufficient peak resolution except between He and Ne.     

Modelling of spall damage in ductile materials and its application to the simulation of the plate impact on copper

A statistical model of dynamic spall damage due to void nucleation and growth is proposed for ductile materials under intense loading, which takes into account inertia, the elastic-plastic effect, and initial void size. To some extent, void interaction could be accounted for in this approach. Based on this model, the simulation of spall experiments for copper is performed by using the Lagrangian finite element method. The simulation results are in good agreement with experimental data for the free surface velocity profile, stress record behind copper target, final porosity, and void concentrations across the target. The influence of elastic-plastic effect upon the damage evolution is explored. The correlation between the damage evolution and the history of the stress near the spall plane is also analyzed.     

Host structure dependence of light yield and proportionality in scintillators in terms of hot and thermalized carrier transport

Several outstanding questions, including why complex halide scintillator host structures allow higher light yield and flatter electron energy response than simple monovalent metal halides, have remained unanswered by current models of luminescence in dense ionization tracks. Our measurements of nonlinear quenching kinetic order, recent literature on hot‐electron transport in scintillators, and calculations presented here of hot‐electron velocity from band structure of SrI₂ and NaI, lead us to expand our previously described diffusion and nonlinear quenching model to include hot‐electron transport. Trends in multivalent versus monovalent metal halides, heavier versus lighter halides, and halides versus oxides versus semiconductors can be predicted based on optical phonon frequency, thermalized band edge mobilities, velocity in the upper conduction bands, and hole self‐trapping. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Elastic moduli of η‐Ta2N3, a tough self‐healing material,via laser ultrasonics

The elastic moduli of the dense polycrystalline oxygen‐bearing η‐Ta₂N₃, a novel hard and tough high‐pressure (HP) material, were measured using the laser ultrasonic technique. The bulk modulus was determined to be B₀ = 281(15) GPa which is only ～11% below that from HP compression measurements. Our value of the shear modulus G₀ = 123(2) GPa is below those ones predicted theoretically for model structures. The discrepancies in G₀ could be due to a substitution of an‐ ions and the formation of cation vacancies in η‐Ta₂N₃. Self‐healing behaviour of η‐Ta₂N₃ by mechanical polishing was observed and confirmed by two independent experimental methods. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

汶川八级地震滑坡高速远程特征分析

汶川地震触发的高速远程滑坡主要沿龙门山主中央断裂带汶川映秀—安县高川—北川县城—平武南坝—青川一线地震破裂带展布。由于获得了1.5g以上的抛掷加速度,具有明显的气垫效应,估计最大滑动速度一般大于70m•s-1,滑动距离一般为滑体启动时长度的数倍甚至10多倍,堆积成坝形成多处堰塞湖,最大滑行距离达3.2km。本文重点解剖了位于地震破裂带南西段(初始震中)的汶川映秀牛圈沟滑坡—碎屑流、位于地震破裂带中段的北川城西滑坡和位于地震破裂带北东段青川东河口滑坡—碎屑流3个典型实例,认为具有如下特征：(1）岩性条件：母岩遭受长期构造动力作用,呈碎裂岩体,后期被强烈风化,岩体极为破碎;(2）抛掷效应：位于汶川地震主断裂带或附近,垂直加速度大于水平加速度,强地面运动持时长,岩体发生振胀和抛掷;(3）碰撞效应：上部滑坡体发生高位剪出和高位撞击,致使岩体碎屑化;(4）铲刮效应：撞击作用导致下部山体被铲刮,形成次级滑坡,为碎屑流体提供了足够展翼和抛洒物源体积;(5）气垫效应：碎屑化岩体快速抛掷导致下部沟谷空气迅速谷状圈闭和向下紊流,形成气垫效应,或者,在下部地形开阔地带压缩空气呈层流状态致使滑体凌空飞行。     

Dynamic Deformation Behavior of a Golf Ball during Normal Impact

The normal impact between a golf ball and a rigid steel target was studied to examine ball deformation and the contact force during the impact. Using high-speed video images, the normal and tangential compression ratios of the ball were measured to analyze the ball deformation quantitatively. In addition, the inbound and rebound ball velocities, contact time, and coefficient of restitution were determined as basic parameters of the impact. As the inbound ball velocity increased, the maximum normal compression ratio increased while the maximum tangential compression ratio, contact time and coefficient of restitution decreased. The ball center displacements during the impact were measured to determine the ball center velocity and acceleration, and the contact force was calculated by the product of the mass and acceleration. The contact force increased almost linearly with the inbound ball velocity, and its relationship agreed well quantitatively with the results from a load-cell, and also agreed well qualitatively with Hertz contact theory.     

爆炸冲击载荷作用下岩石的损伤实验

基于声波测试原理,利用RSM-SY5智能型声波仪,对某露天矿围岩在爆破冲击荷载作用下产生的损伤进行了现场实验研究。研究结果表明:爆破冲击荷载对距离爆源7 m范围内的岩石会造成损伤破坏,其损伤程度随着岩石与爆源距离的增大而减小;岩体声波速度随着爆破次数的不断增加而逐渐降低,多次爆破对岩石具有损伤累积效应;多次爆破的累积损伤不是单次爆破损伤的简单叠加,具有非线性特性,且距离爆源越近爆破累积损伤效应越明显。     

基于电磁感应的扭转振动测量方法

设计了一种基于电磁感应效应的转子扭转振动测量方法.该方法的思路是使线圈与永磁体做相对运动,根据线圈切割磁感应线的速度与感应电动势正相关的原理,由线圈两端的电压变化量计算各点的瞬时速度变化量,进而积分求出扭振信息.算法上采用半周期插值以及与标准信号进行对应点比较,保证了瞬时速度变化量的精确度.装置设计方面通过适当的空间布局,在一定程度上消除了轴向振动和部分横振的影响.实测验证表明,该方法得出了与输入载荷一致的扭振信息,具有精确性良好,安装简易,操作方便的特点.     

基于速度辅助的车载卫星定向模糊度动态确定方法

针对车载双天线卫星定向系统的载波相位模糊度动态确定,探讨了速度辅助对模糊度搜索空间的约束性能,首次提出主天线速度矢量方向与车体纵轴之间偏离角的定量表达式,从而实现了准确设置卫星定向模糊度解算中的航向搜索范围。对实际车载数据的分析验证了该方法的有效性,不但适用于车载纯卫星定向系统,而且适用于多天线卫星定向（定姿）/IMU组合车载航姿确定系统,可显著提高卫星定向动态模糊度搜索速度及成功率,尤其增强车辆机动时的模糊度初始化性能。     

Experimental study of sedimentation characteristics of spheroidal particles

sented to correct for the shape effects.