高分子量级分含量对熔体挤出拉伸法制备聚丙烯微孔膜的影响

通过熔体挤出拉伸法以两种聚丙烯为原料制备微孔膜.通过考察原料分子量数据发现高分子量聚丙烯(PPH)在高分子量级分(重均分子量>106)含量上大于低分子量聚丙烯(F401).PPH的弛豫时间在相同条件下也远大于F401.红外二向光法结果表明,PPH在相同熔体牵伸比下片晶取向度较F401高.相同加工条件下PPH微孔膜片较F401成孔分布更均匀,孔径尺寸也更均匀.2种微孔膜孔隙率都随熔体牵伸比的增加而提高,微孔分布随着熔体牵伸比的提高和片晶取向度的增加而趋于均匀,孔尺寸也随之区域均匀.研究表明,聚合物树脂中高分子量级分含量是影响预制膜中片晶取向度、冷热拉伸成孔分布和尺寸均匀度的重要影响因素.     

Effect of Draw Ratio on the Morphologies and Properties of BPDA/PMDA/ODA Polyimide Fibers

3,3,4,4-Biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride/pyromellitic dianhydride/4,4-oxydianiline（BPDA/PMDA/ODA） polyimide copolymer fibers with different draw ratios were prepared from the imidization of polyacrylic acid（PAA） fibers via a dry-jet wet-spinning process.Their morphologies,microcrystal orientations,thermal stabilities,and mechanical properties were investigated via scanning electron microscopy（SEM）,wide angle X-ray diffraction（WAXD）,thermogravimetric analysis（TGA）,and tensile experiments.In order to acquire fibers with better mechanical performance,we aimed at obtaining the optimal draw ratio.Drawing during thermal imidization resulted in a decreased diameter of fiber from 25.8 μm to 16.9 μm corresponding to draw ratio from 1 to 3.5.WAXD results show that the degree of the orientation of the undrawn sample is 64.1％,whereas that of the drawn sample is up to 82％.The as-spun fiber and those with different draw ratios all exhibit high thermal stabilities,i.e.,the temperature at a mass loss of 5％ can reach as high as 570 ℃.The tensile strengths and tensile modulus of the fibers increase with the draw ratios,and the maximum tensile strength and modulus are 0.90 and 12.61 GPa,respectively.     

DC与CC 5052铝合金冷轧后沿厚度方向织构分布状态对比的X射线衍射分析

采用X射线衍射测试极图、使用专用软件计算织构取向分布函数(ODF), 研究了热轧后454℃×4h再结晶退火的直接铸造5052铝合金板(DC 5052)和双履带连续冷却铸造5052铝合金板(CC 5052)冷轧制到不同压下量的试样,自表层至心部层的冷轧织构分布差别,为工业上生产及应用DC 5052与CC 5052铝合金冷轧板提供依据。结果显示：同样的大压下量时CC 5052的β织构强度及体积分数高于DC 5052的。冷轧前CC 5052的再结晶织构Cube的体积分数小于DC 5052的,剩余位向的体积分数多于DC 5052的,导致CC 5052表层的β织构强度及体积分数达到与1/4层、中心层接近所需要的冷轧压下量比DC 5052试样需要的小。CC 5052冷轧板冲压加工方面的性能优于DC 5052冷轧板。     

疏水蛋白吸附碳纳米管的分子动力学模拟

采用分子动力学方法模拟了水溶液中Ⅱ型疏水蛋白HFBI在单壁碳纳米管(SWNTs)表面的吸附过程, 考察了3种不同的HFBI初始取向, 并计算了结合自由能, 从累计240 ns的模拟轨迹中得到了不同的吸附结构. 结果表明, 当HFBI完全通过疏水面与SWNTs作用时, 其结合自由能最有利吸附, 且吸附最稳定. 另外, 由于HFBI含有4个二硫键, 因此吸附过程几乎不改变其二级结构.     

DC AA 5052铝合金冷轧板沿厚度方向织构变化的X射线衍射分析

以不同变形量对预先经过热轧和再结晶退火的DC AA 5052直接冷却铸造铝合金板进行冷轧制后,采用X射线衍射和专用软件测试、计算并分析表层、1/4厚度层、中心层的织构极图和ODF图及有关数据,研究板厚度方向轧制织构的变化情况,以为改进轧制工艺、获得板厚度方向的织构织及性能均匀性提供依据。各变形量的试样之表层向1/4层、中心层方向,存在β织构逐渐增强的梯度;变形量逐渐增大到90%的过程中,沿板厚度方向β织构强度的变化梯度逐渐降低、体积分数逐步增大、强度逐渐增大并达到各层基本接近。     

Control of morphology orientation in thin films of PS-b-PEO diblock copolymers and PS-b-PEO/resorcinol molecular complexes

One of the main limits in the use of block copolymers for nanotechnological applications lies in the poor control over the alignment of the nanoscopic domains. The self-assembling behavior of polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene oxide) (PS-b-PEO) has been modified by stoichiometric complexation of the ethylene oxide units with resorcinol and a simple procedure to prepare nanostructured films with normally oriented cylinders is reported. By direct spin coating of a series of complexated PS-b-PEO samples with different molecular weight and composition, films with the same morphology and orientation (i.e., normally oriented packed cylinders) have been obtained, also when different nanostructures and alignments were expected on the basis of the volume fraction composition and self-assembling behavior of pure copolymers. Tuning of the cylinder diameters in the range from 20 to 50 nm was possible by varying the length of the PEO block. The effects of resorcinol complexation have been studied by differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction and the morphologies of PS-b-PEO and PS-b-PEO/resorcinol films have been monitored by atomic force microscopy and electron microscopies. DSC and XRD analyses demonstrate that resorcinol significantly influences the crystallization behavior of the PEO block. The varied interfacial and surface energies of the PEO domains and the overall reduction of the crystalline phase in PS-b-PEO/resorcinol films appear to be strictly related to the morphological changes occurring by complexation.     

聚乙烯在氧化铝模板中的结晶与取向行为

用多孔阳极氧化铝(AAO)模板制备了直径为200nm的聚乙烯(PE)纳米纤维,并用傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、偏光显微镜(PLM)和X-射线衍射(XRD)方法研究了PE在二维圆柱状受限条件下的结晶与取向行为.FTIR研究表明,由于模板的限制作用,PE纳米纤维的结晶度低于本体.同时,PE纳米纤维晶体的b轴平行于模板孔洞的方向取向,而a轴垂直于孔洞的方向取向.XRD结果进一步证明,在纳米孔洞中PE晶体的b轴平行于纳米孔洞方向.PLM结果表明,在结晶过程中,晶体主要是在模板与本体的界面处成核,然后晶体呈发散状向本体和纳米纤维中竞争生长.由于PE晶体的b轴是其生长速率最快的方向,在本体中形成典型的环带球晶形貌;而在二维圆柱受限条件下,只有沿孔洞方向生长的晶体才能增长,而其它生长方向则受到抑制,造成PE晶体的b轴沿孔洞方向优先取向.     

Determination of the tear properties of thermoplastic polyester elastomers (TPEEs) using essential work of fracture (EWF) test method

In this paper, three commercial thin thermoplastic polyester elastomer (TPEE) samples are prepared by the injection molding process. Essential work of fracture (EWF) tests, which have been extended to cover the ductile tearing of polymeric materials that neck before fracture, in both the machine direction (MD) and the transverse direction (TD) are executed based on the ESIS TC-4 protocol as well as conventional trouser tear tests. Through an examination of the EWF test results, the tear properties of TPEE samples can be determined quantitatively. Partitioning of the test results is attempted for identifying the contribution of yielding and necking/tearing on the overall tear properties of TPEE samples. In addition, the fracture surfaces of TPEE samples following EWF tests are investigated through scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The root causes of the differences in tear properties are studied using the morphology of the fracture surfaces of TPEE samples.     

图像局部特征识别中的多目标分离

研究了一种多目标识别算法,该算法用SUSAN角点形成SIFT特征点,采用阶梯图像金字塔结构实现尺度不变,为所有匹配点建立统一的超定线性方程组并对该方程组系数矩阵进行简化使其维数降低一半,得到增广矩阵.对增广矩阵进行列变换,依据坐标转换的特性可从中提取多目标的稳定正常点,实现了快速分离多目标的匹配点.结果表明,利用新算法得到的多目标识别结果能保证最小二乘法迭代运算快速收敛,且一次迭代就能得到精度较高的目标定位参量,根据SIFT标准的128维局部特征描述符判别匹配点,匹配点数量较SIFT算法多一倍,分离多目标速度较Hough变换快2～3倍.     

羟基卟啉衍生物LB膜的紫外可见光谱表征

研究了两种具有两条脂链的羟基卟啉在气液界面上的成膜性能及其ＬＢ膜。ＵＶ－Ｖｉｓ光谱表明,两种卟啉在ＬＢ膜中的聚集态不同,卟啉环上脂链和羟基呈对称了代时形成Ｊ－聚体,呈同侧取代时形成氢键聚集体。利用偏振ＵＶ－Ｖｉｓ吸收谱测定了ＬＢ膜中卟啉环的取向。结果表明,侧链和羟基的相对位置对环的取向没有影响,但影响膜中平均分子截面积的大小和环间的距离,因而影响膜中分子的聚集态。