微波场辅助银掺杂TiO2薄膜光催化降解甲基橙溶液的实验研究

用紫外-可见吸收光谱仪和原子力显微镜(AFM)表征了制备的TiO2和Ag/TiO2薄膜的光谱特性和表面形貌,研究了掺杂改性、微波场辅助作用以及两者相结合的光催化降解方法的薄膜催化活性.结果表明:催化剂的掺杂改性与微波场辅助作用相结合的光催化降解效果优于微波场辅助光催化方法和银掺杂光催化方法.     

催化动力学光度法测定水中痕量亚硝酸根

在磷酸溶液中，亚硝酸根对溴酸钾氧化甲基橙的反应具有较强的催化作用，据此建立了催化光度法测定痕量亚销酸根的新方法。在选定的最佳条件下，方法的灵敏度为５．７５×１０￣（－１１）ｇ／ｍＬ亚硝酸态氮，线性范围为０－５μｇ／２５ｍＬ。本法在沸水裕中进行反应，条件易于控制，操作简便，稳定性好，灵敏度较高，大多数常见离子不干扰，尤其是大量的和，可用于直接测定水样中的亚硝酸根，结果满意。     

Synthesis of (2S,7S)-dibutyroxynonane, the sex pheromone of the orange wheat blossom midge, Sitodiplosis mosellana (Géhin) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), by diastereoselective silicon-tethered ring-closing metathesis

The sex pheromone of Sitodiplosis mosellana, (2S,7S)-dibutyroxynonane, has been synthesised using a mixed di-t-butylsilaketal prepared from (S)-5-hexen-2-ol and prochiral 1,4-pentadiene-3-ol. Ring-closing metathesis occurs diastereoselectively and after the removal of the silyl group and the reduction of the double bonds, generates (2S,7S)-nonanediol with a diastereoisomeric excess of 94% as measured by gas chromatographic analysis of the diacetylated product.     

甘草,陈皮中九种元素的初级形态分析

以甘草、陈皮两种中草药为代表，对原药、头煎及二煎残渣和浸汁、０．４５μ膜分离的颗粒物及可溶态共七份样品中的Ｃｕ、Ｚｎ、Ｍｎ、Ｆｅ、Ｋ、Ｃａ、Ｍｇ、Ｂ、Ｐ进行了测定，探讨了初级形态分析的有关问题。     

Decolorization of azo dyes Orange G using hydrodynamic cavitation coupled with heterogeneous Fenton process

The present work demonstrates the application of the combination of hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) and the heterogeneous Fenton process (HF, Fe⁰/H₂O₂) for the decolorization of azo dye Orange G (OG). The effects of main affecting operation conditions such as the inlet fluid pressure, initial concentration of OG, H₂O₂ and zero valent iron (ZVI), the fixed position of ZVI, and medium pH on decolorization efficiency were discussed with guidelines for selection of optimum parameters. The results revealed that the acidic conditions are preferred for OG decolorizaiton. The decolorization rate increased with increasing H₂O₂ and ZVI concentration and decreased with increasing OG initial concentration. Besides, the decolorization rate was strongly dependent on the fixed position of ZVI. The analysis results of degradation products using liquid chromatography–ESI–TOF mass spectrometry revealed that the degradation mechanism of OG proceeds mainly via reductive cleavage of the azo linkage due to the attack of hydroxyl radical. The present work has conclusively established that the combination of HC and HF can be more energy efficient and gives higher decolorization rate of OG as compared with HC and HF alone.     

Sr2-x-yAl2SiO7:x％Sm3+,y％Li+荧光粉的合成与发光特性研究

硅铝酸盐由于其化学性质稳定、原材料易得，是发光材料的一种有效基质，所以受到广泛关注。其中，硅铝酸锶(Sr₂Al₂SiO₇)属于四方晶系，具有稳定的晶体学结构。Sm3+作为一种常用的激活剂，其特征峰在波段300~750 nm内都有分布，有些特征激发峰位于近紫外光区，在近紫外区有强的吸收。因此，以Sr₂Al₂SiO₇为基质、Sm3+为激活剂可以制备出符合LED要求的红色荧光粉。本工作采用高温固相法合成一系列Sr_2-x-yAl₂SiO₇∶x%Sm3+, y%Li+荧光粉。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、光致荧光光谱(PL)、绝对量子效率测量系统对样品的晶体结构、发光特性以及内量子效率进行表征和测量，并且对样品的XRD进行精修，色纯度计算。结果表明：合成样品均为单相Sr₂Al₂SiO₇，掺杂Sm3+和电荷补偿剂Li+后，没有引起相变。相对于其他阳离子Sm3+(r=1.079 Å)、Li+(r=0.920 Å)的半径与Sr2+(r=1.260 Å)半径最为相近，因此更容易替代Sr2+的格位，并且两种离子半径比Sr2+小而使得样品晶体结构参数a，b，c和v逐渐减小。样品的最佳激发峰在403 nm处，相比于Ca₃Y₂(Si₃O₉)₂∶Sm3+的激发峰出现了3 nm蓝移，表明样品在近紫外光下有较强的吸收，这种长紫外波长的光有利于在照明领域的应用。在403 nm近紫外光激发下，可以看出，在500～750 nm范围内，Sm3+的发射峰位于564 nm(4G_5/2→6H_5/2)，601 nm(4G_5/2→6H_7/2)，648 nm(4G_5/2→6H_9/2)和713 nm(4G_5/2→6H_11/2)，其中601 nm发射峰强度最大，使样品呈现强烈的橙红色光。发射峰在607与618 nm处出现劈裂现象，是因为晶体场的相互作用引起了能级劈裂。单掺Sm3+的发射光谱强度随着浓度的增加先增大后减小，当掺杂浓度为2%时发光强度最大。利用Blasse提出的能量传递临界距离公式，计算得出临界距离R_C≈19.734 Å，从而说明了浓度猝灭原因是Sm3+之间的多级相互作用。根据Dexter理论，计算出多极相互作用函数θ≈6，表明Sr_2-xAl₂SiO₇∶x%Sm3+的浓度猝灭机理是电偶极-电偶极(d-d)相互作用。为进一步提高发光强度，掺杂了电荷补偿剂Li+，使晶体内部电荷达到平衡。实验结果表明，Li+最佳掺杂浓度为2%，与未加入电荷补偿剂相比，发光强度提高了2倍并测试其内量子效率为43.6%。荧光粉色坐标均在(0.60，0.39)附近，位于橙红色区域，具有较高色纯度(约92.2%)。该荧光粉在三基色白光LED中的红色成分有应用潜力。     

The photochemistry of the self‐healing chromophore Disperse Orange 11

Recent interest in the self‐healing ability of the laser dye 1‐amino‐2‐methylanthraquinone, Disperse Orange 11, has lead us to investigate the possible alternative mechanisms of action, either intramolecular proton transfer (PT) or twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) formation. AMPAC semiempirical PM3 CI (all single excited configurations) potential energy surfaces searches have been conducted with either reaction mechanism. Based purely on the potential energy surface results, no state, S0, T1, or S1, seems especially likely to be kinetically favorable for PT. The T1 state is favorable thermodynamically for PT. However, the S1 state TICT reaction is both thermodynamically favorable and kinetically preferred over all PT reactions. There is also a favorable T1 TICT reaction, but much slower kinetically on the triplet surface than S1 TICT. The Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin (WKB) method has been used to ascertain proton tunneling contributions to PT. Even with proton tunneling, S1 TICT is still more highly favored, though proton tunneling could make the T1 PT reaction competitive depending on the rate of intersystem crossing. We also examine spectroscopic properties of PT transfer and TICT reaction path entities in comparison with published experimental evidence. However, this comparison leads to ambiguous findings that suggest that electronic spectral properties alone will not fully clarify the mechanism. Overall, results suggest that the TICT mechanism is the most likely for optical damage and self‐repair for Disperse Orange 11, and might be considered for the damage and repair mechanisms for other organic solid state laser materials. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Test Strip For The Rapid Identification of Sulfite on Foods

Abstract

A rapid, sensitive, test strip has been developed for those people allergic to sulfite on foods. The strip is composed of a mixture of orange I, brilliant green, and sodium hydrogen carbonate deposited on 80-120 mesh alumina. Within 15 seconds the black strip turns red in the presence of as little as 0.5 ug of sulfite or green in the absence of sulfite.     

Phase behavior of the orange essential oil/sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate/water system

The ternary phase diagram for the orange essential oil (OEO)/sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate (AOT)/water system was constructed at 25 °C. It indicates a large single phase region, comprising an isotropic water-in-oil (W/O) microemulsion (ME) phase (L₂), a liquid crystal (LC) (lamellar or hexagonal) and a large unstable emulsion phase that separates in two phases of normal and reverse micelles (L₁ and L₂). In this communication the properties of the ME are investigated by viscosity, electric conductivity and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) indicating that the isotropic ME phase exhibits different behaviors depending on composition. At low water content low viscous “dry” surfactant structures are formed, whereas at higher water content higher viscous water droplets are formed. The experimental data allow the determination of the transition from “dry” to the water droplet structures within the L₂ phase. SAXS analyses have also been performed for selected LC samples.     

Development of a cytochrome c-based screen-printed biosensor for the determination of the antioxidant capacity of orange juices

This paper describes the development of an amperometric cytochrome c (cyt c)-based biosensor and its later application to the quantification of the scavenging capacity of antioxidants. The enzymatic biosensor was constructed by covalently co-immobilizing both cyt c and XOD on a mercaptoundecanol/mercaptoundecanoic acid (MU/MUA) mixed self-assembled monolayer (SAM)-modified screen-printed gold electrode. The applicability of this method was shown by analyzing the antioxidant capacity of pure substances, such as ascorbic acid and Trolox, and natural sources of antioxidants, particularly 5 orange juices.