聚苯乙烯混凝土动态劈裂实验

利用直径为74mm 的分离式Hopkinson压杆径向冲击巴西圆盘试样,测试了不同聚苯乙烯(expandedpolystyrene, EPS)颗粒粒径、不同体积含量的EPS混凝土的动态拉伸性能。为了保证实验的可靠性, 在试样和入射杆、透射杆之间加上精确设计的垫块,防止试样两端因应力集中而被压碎破坏;通过选择合适的 整形器,保证试样有足够的时间达到应力均匀。并分析了EPS混凝土劈裂破坏形态。实验结果表明:EPS混 凝土的劈裂强度随应力率的增大而增大;在EPS体积含量较低的EPS混凝土中,EPS混凝土的劈裂强度表 现出一定的粒子尺寸效应,随EPS颗粒体积含量的增加,这一现象逐渐消失。     

钢纤维聚合物高强混凝土疲劳性能的实验研究

钢纤维聚合物高强混凝土(SPHC)是本课题组最近研发的新型混凝土桥梁结构材料。为了探明SPHC的疲劳性能,本文采用对比分析的方法,对实桥上应用的SPHC及其静力学性能相近的C60混凝土的疲劳性能展开实验研究,得到了这两种材料的S-N实验曲线。研究结果表明,与C60混凝土相比,SPHC材料由于掺入了钢纤维和聚合物乳胶,增加了韧性及抗裂性能,使其抗疲劳性能得到了大幅度的提高。该新材料的实桥应用,将有效地提高桥梁结构的疲劳寿命。     

非对称质量磨蚀导致正侵彻弹体的弯曲屈服

给出了在一定的非对称质量磨蚀条件下垂直于弹体侵彻方向的横向荷载,并结合考虑质量磨蚀的弹体轴向阻力计算方法,得到了正侵彻弹体在压弯联合作用下的屈服分析方法.讨论了影响弹体由于非对称质量磨蚀而弯曲屈服的主要因素.分析表明,弹体的危险截面在承受较大的轴向荷载时,对由非对称质量磨蚀导致的横向荷载极为敏感.     

混凝土输送泵车臂架系统流固耦合振动分析

针对混凝土泵车的工作原理和结构特点,结合现有输送管流固耦合理论的研究成果,提出了基础有平动位移的悬臂输送管理论模型,并通过多体运动学理论和Hamilton变分原理,建立该模型的运动微分方程.采用有限单元理论建立混凝土泵车臂架系统的流固耦合运动微分方程.选取混凝土流速U=2.265m/s和不考虑混凝土流动进行对比仿真分析后发现:两者臂架振动响应均值相同;但稳态时两者振动幅值比值最大,接近2;而改变Rayleigh阻尼系数则对臂架振动响应影响不大,这说明混凝土的流动增加臂架振动阻尼效应显著.结合Matlab仿真分析与Ansys三维有限元模型,模拟计算出了臂架结构动应力,对比测点应力测试结果与模拟计算结果,两者应力历程变化趋势相似,应力值较接近,最大差异小于20MPa,验证了仿真模型的合理性.     

锈蚀钢筋混凝土双筋矩形梁抗弯承载力分析

钢筋锈蚀是钢筋混凝土桥梁的主要病害之一。在锈蚀钢筋混凝土双筋矩形截面梁中,钢筋锈蚀易造成结构性能退化,并引起钢筋和混凝土相对滑移,导致结构的承载力降低,受拉区的钢筋与混凝土变形不协调。通过构造新的几何条件,推导了锈蚀钢筋混凝土双筋矩形梁正截面极限抗弯承载力计算公式。对室内快速锈蚀双筋矩形梁进行正截面抗弯承载力实验,结果表明推导的锈后双筋矩形梁正截面抗弯承载力公式的计算值与实验值吻合较好。上述工作为进一步进行工程实践奠定了基础。     

Enthalpy of adsorption for hydrocarbons on concrete by inverse gas chromatography

Enthalpies of adsorption, ΔH(a), are reported for several light hydrocarbons on normal construction concrete. ΔH(a), which are a measure of the adhesion strength of a molecule on a surface, were determined by gas-solid chromatography with a packed column containing 60-80 mesh concrete particles. With this approach, the specific retention volume for a compound is measured as a function of temperature, and these data are used to calculate ΔH(a). For the hydrocarbons studied, we found that ΔH(a) was relatively large for unsaturated hydrocarbons. These are the first determinations of ΔH(a) of hydrocarbons on construction concrete, but useful comparisons with other ionic solids such as clays can be made.     

用丝束电极研究模拟碳化混凝土孔隙液中缓蚀剂对碳钢局部腐蚀的抑制行为

应用丝束电极(WBE)的电位/电流扫描技术, 研究了含Cl-的模拟碳化混凝土孔隙液中, Q345B碳钢局部腐蚀在空间和时间上的发生和发展特征, 同时比较了四乙烯五胺(TEPA)和亚硝酸钠缓蚀剂对局部腐蚀抑制能力的差异. 结果表明NO-2离子能快速渗透腐蚀产物层, 并抑制锈层下的碳钢活性溶解, 而乙烯胺由于在锈蚀层内的扩散速率低, 初期反而会促进锈层下的局部腐蚀, 随着烯胺分子扩散并吸附于锈蚀层/金属界面处, 碳钢活性溶解才受到抑制. 电化学阻抗谱(EIS)可反映局部腐蚀的萌发, 但难以表征缓蚀剂在碳钢表面的不均匀吸附特征. 基于丝束电极表面电位/电流分布所提出的局部腐蚀因子(LF), 可定量表征腐蚀的不均匀特征以及缓蚀剂对局部腐蚀的修复能力.     

Mathematical modelling of swirling flow in hydraulic turbines for the full operating range

We introduce and validate a novel mathematical model for computing the radial profiles of both axial and circumferential velocity components, respectively, of the swirling flow exiting the runner of hydraulic turbines within the full operating range. We assume an incompressible, inviscid, axisymmetrical, and steady swirling flow, with vanishing radial velocity at runner outlet. First we find the correlation between the flux of moment of momentum downstream the turbine runner and the operating regime given by turbine’s discharge and head. Second, we express the relationship between the axial and circumferential velocity components, corresponding to the fixed pitch runner blades, using the swirl-free velocity instead of the traditional relative flow angle at runner outlet. It is shown that the swirl-free velocity profile practically does not change with the operating regime. Third, we introduce a constrained variational problem corresponding to the minimization of the flow force while maintaining the prescribed discharge and flux of moment of momentum. This formulation also accounts for a possible central stagnant region to develop when operating the turbine far from the best efficiency point. Fourth, we show that by representing the unknown axial velocity profile with a suitable Fourier–Bessel series, the discharge constraint can be automatically satisfied. The resulting numerical algorithm is robust and produces results in good agreement with available data for both axial and circumferential velocity profiles measured on a model Francis turbine at several operating regimes. Our mathematical model is suitable for the early optimization stages of the runner design, as it provides the swirling flow configuration at runner outlet without actually computing the runner. By optimizing the parameterized swirl-free velocity profile one can achieve through the inverse design approaches the most suitable runner blades configuration at the trailing edge.     

基于JMCT软件的中子活化数值模拟程序的开发和检验北大核心CSCD

中子活化产物和辐射特征的数值模拟程序是研究材料活化效应的重要工具。在JMCT软件的基础上开发了具备材料中子活化效应模拟能力的数值模拟程序,并将其命名为“中子活化数值模拟程序”,旨在将其应用于军控核查、核安全等领域的研究中。对该程序在核弹头内部中子输运和活化计算的准确性进行了验证,发现该程序对核弹头内部中子输运和活化的计算精度优良。利用该程序研究了混凝土地面核素在裂变核材料的裂变中子辐照下的活化效应,计算结果进一步验证了中子活化数值模拟程序的功能。     

A influência do peso próprio na otimização topológica de estruturas elásticas 2D – via técnica numérica Smooth Evolutionary Structural Optimization (SESO)

This paper deals with topology optimization in plane elastic‐linear problems considering the influence of the self weight in efforts in structural elements. For this purpose it is used a numerical technique called SESO (Smooth ESO), which is based on the procedure for progressive decrease of the inefficient stiffness element contribution at lower stresses until he has no more influence. The SESO is applied with the finite element method and is utilized a triangular finite element and high order. This paper extends the technique SESO for application its self weight where the program, in computing the volume and specific weight, automatically generates a concentrated equivalent force to each node of the element. The evaluation is finalized with the definition of a model of strut‐and‐tie resulting in regions of stress concentration. Examples are presented with optimum topology structures obtaining optimal settings.