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91.
The microwave spectra of cyclohexanone oxime and d1 (=NOD) and d4(2,2,6,6-d4) derivatives were observed in the frequency range from 8 to 40 GHz in the ground and excited vibrational states. The rotational constants were determined to be A = 3799.844(48), B = 1513.7912(23), and C = 1189.6118(29) MHz for normal species, A = 3791.835(88), B = 1461.0324(47), and C = 1157.5653(53) MHz for d1 species, and A = 3364.141(49), B = 1487.9551(34), and C = 1154.0965(44) MHz for d4 species in the ground vibrational state. The planar moments, Pbb (Pbb = (Ic + Ia − Ib)/2) of normal, d1, and d4 species were determined to be 111.9885(26), 111.9817(46), and 124.2394(49) uÅ2, respectively. The almost same values of Pbb of normal and d1 species suggest that the hydroxyl hydrogen atom is very close to the a-c plane. From the rs coordinates of the hydroxyl hydrogen atom, the OH bond was found to be at the trans position with respect to the CN double bond. The conformation of cyclohexanone oxime was determined to be chair form by comparing the observed and calculated rotational constants, ΔI, and planar moments, and taking account of the calculated the relative energy difference, ΔE. The structural parameters, the three bond lengths, three bond angles, and three dihedral angles, were adjusted to the nine rotational constants observed. The bond angle of ∠C2C1N is much wider than that of ∠C6C1N by about 10°. The dihedral angles of ∠C1C2C3C4, ∠C2C3C4C5, and ∠C3C4C5C6 were determined to be 53.3(5), −57.2(5), and 57.2(5)°. Two vibrational modes were assigned to the ring-bending and ring-twisting ones, which are almost harmonic up to v = 3. 相似文献
92.
We report the appearance and enhancement in intensity of impurity related local vibrational modes in Bi2O3 : Ho micro‐rods along with normal modes. Pure and Ho‐doped Bi2O3 micro‐rods were synthesized by conventional co‐precipitation method at 60 °C. The structural and morphological studies were carried out using powder X‐ray diffraction technique and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. Raman spectroscopic studies reveal the existence of local phonon vibrational modes (LVM) due to the incorporation of Ho3+. Harmonic approximation method was employed to find the dopant‐related peak in the Raman spectra. Variation in full width at half maximum for LVM with increase in Ho3+ was also investigated. This increase in FWHM indicates the decrease in crystallinity of the doped samples. The phonon lifetime calculation carried out for each samples and the decrease in phonon lifetime with doping concentration make this material a potential candidate for optical and electronic applications. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
93.
We examine the applicability of the Prandtl mixing length model to transverse momentum and mass flux in strongly confined, stably stratified turbulent shear flows. These fluxes were measured in the vertical diametral plane of lock-exchange flows in an inclined pipe by the simultaneous use of planar laser-induced fluorescence and particle image velocimetry at local Reynolds numbers ranging from Re = 580 to 1770 and Richardson numbers ranging from Ri = 0.26 and 1.6. Measurements indicate that the eddy diffusivities of mass and momentum are symmetric about the pipe axis, with their maximum at the axis. The corresponding Prandtl mixing lengths decrease with increasing distance from the pipe axis within the central 60% of the pipe cross-section. Within the range of experimental conditions, the mixing lengths at the axis increase linearly with Ri so that the corresponding turbulent Prandtl number Prt decreases with Ri. In contrast, Prt and the mixing lengths do not display a systematic dependence on Re. Comparison with unbounded and semi-bound shear flows suggests that the strong confinement imposed by the pipe wall may be constraining the integral length scale and Prandtl mixing lengths. 相似文献
94.
95.
Numerical studies of the coupled Einstein‐Klein‐Gordon system have recently revealed that confined scalar fields generically collapse to form caged black holes. In the light of this finding, we analytically study the characteristic resonance spectra of the confined scalar fields in rotating linear dilaton black hole geometry. Confining mirrors (cage) are assumed to be placed in the near‐horizon region of a caged rotating linear dilaton black hole ( is the radius of the cage and r2 represents the event horizon). The radial part of the Klein‐Gordon equation is written as a Schrödinger‐like wave equation, which reduces to a Bessel differential equation around the event horizon. Using analytical tools and proper boundary conditions, we obtain the boxed‐quasinormal mode frequencies of the caged rotating linear dilaton black hole. Finally, we employ Maggiore's method, which evaluates the transition frequency in the adiabatic invariant quantity from the highly damped quasinormal modes, in order to investigate the entropy/area spectra of the rotating linear dilaton black hole. 相似文献
96.
97.
为了既节省稀有昂贵的冰洲石晶体材料,又实现偏振光的大剪切差输出,采用冰洲石晶体与光学玻璃组合的方法,设计了一种新型平行分束偏光镜。该棱镜的前后半块分别为ZBaF3玻璃和冰洲石晶体,由大折射率液态胶合剂溴代萘胶合而成。实验测试表明:该棱镜透射的2束平行光的消光比,o光可达10-5;尽管受到光学玻璃的影响,e光的消光比仍优于10-3;透射比均与纯冰洲石晶体材料的棱镜基本相当。理论分析表明:该棱镜自身结构带来的性能影响在一定情况下完全可以忽略,因此具有较好的应用前景。 相似文献
98.
The lowest-energy state of a macroscopic system in which symmetry is spontaneously broken, is a very stable wavepacket centered around a spontaneously chosen, classical direction in symmetry space. However, for a Heisenberg ferromagnet the quantum groundstate is exactly the classical groundstate, there are no quantum fluctuations. This coincides with seven exceptional properties of the ferromagnet, including spontaneous time-reversal symmetry breaking, a reduced number of Nambu–Goldstone modes and the absence of a thin spectrum (Anderson tower of states). Recent discoveries of other non-relativistic systems with fewer Nambu–Goldstone modes suggest these specialties apply there as well. I establish precise criteria for the absence of quantum fluctuations and all the other features. In particular, it is not sufficient that the order parameter operator commutes with the Hamiltonian. It leads to a measurably larger coherence time of superpositions in small but macroscopic systems. 相似文献
99.
Xinpeng Li Chao Guo Yu Zhang Kejun Liu 《Journal of Macromolecular Science: Physics》2015,54(2):215-229
The pressure vibration injection molding (PVIM) method was used to prepare β-nucleated isotactic polypropylene samples (PVIM β-iPP samples); a relatively low, periodical shear was imposed on the polymer melt in the mold at the filling and packing stages. The crystal structures and crystal orientation of the PVIM β-iPP samples were investigated by polarizing light microscopy (PLM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and synchrotron two-dimensional wide-angle X-ray diffraction (2D-WAXD). The PLM observations indicated that a cylindrite layer, rather than the transition layer, was found in PVIM β-iPP samples, which is different from the conventional injection-molded (CIM) samples. In addition, the thickness of the oriented layer of the PVIM samples was obviously greater than that of the CIM samples. The SEM observations demonstrated that a large amount of shish-kebab structures appeared in the shear layer of the PVIM β-iPP samples; at the same time, numerous β-spherulites were formed in the core layer. The 2D-WAXD data indicated that orientation homogeneity, to some degree, could be obtained by the periodical shear during PVIM. As a result, the above-mentioned morphology of the PVIM β-iPP samples leads to potentially useful prominent reinforcement and toughening of the material. 相似文献
100.
采用分子动力学模拟方法研究了表面力场对纳米通道内气体剪切流动的影响规律.结果显示通道内的气体流动分为两个区域:受壁面力场影响的近壁区域和不受壁面力场影响的主流区域.近壁区域内,气体流动特性和气体动力学理论预测差别很大,密度和速度急剧增大并出现峰值,正应力变化剧烈且各向异性,剪切应力在距壁面一个分子直径处出现突变.主流区域的气体流动特性与气体动力学理论预测相符合,该区域内的密度、正应力与剪切应力均为恒定值,速度分布亦符合应力-应变的线性响应关系.不同通道高度及密度下,近壁区域的归一化密度、速度及应力分布一致,表明近壁区域的气体流动特性仅由壁面力场所决定.随着壁面对气体分子势能作用的增强,气体分子在近壁区域的密度和速度随之增大,直至形成吸附层,导致速度滑移消失.通过剪切应力与切向动量适应系数(TMAC)的关系,得到不同壁面势能作用下的TMAC值,结果表明壁面对气体分子的势能作用越强,气体分子越容易在壁面发生漫反射. 相似文献