Numerical investigation of ultrasound reflection and backscatter measurements in cancellous bone on various receiving areas

In this study, new ultrasound reflection and backscatter measurements in cancellous bone using a membrane-type hydrophone are proposed. A membrane hydrophone made of a piezoelectric polymer film mounted on an annular frame allows an incident ultrasound wave to pass through its aperture because it has no backing material. Therefore, in measurements using the membrane hydrophone, the receiving area could be located independently from the transmitting area. In addition, the size and shape of the receiving area, which corresponded to those of the electrode deposited on the piezoelectric film, could be arranged in various ways. To investigate the validity of the proposed measurements, before bench-top experiments, the reflected and backscattered waves from cancellous bone were numerically simulated using a finite-difference time-domain method. The reflection and backscatter parameters were measured on various receiving areas, and their correlation coefficients with the structural parameters in the cancellous bone were derived. The simulated results suggested that appropriate receiving areas for the reflection and backscatter measurements could exist and that the proposed measurements could be more effective for evaluating bone properties than conventional measurements.     

An optimized strain demodulation method based on dynamic double matched fiber Bragg grating filtering

An optimized strain demodulation method based on dynamic double matched fiber Bragg grating (FBG) filtering driven by a piezoelectric transducer (PZT) is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. Using an optimized triangular waveform to drive PZT, the nonlinear effect is eliminated, and extraction and processing of the peak signals are more convenient. Furthermore, taking advantage of double matched-FBGs and strain amplification structure to demodulate the Bragg wavelength, the wavelength scanning range can be extended to 6.3 nm, so that a large-scale and high-precision strain measurement can be achieved. The experimental results show that in the strain range of 0-3800με, the linearity of the relationship between strain and scanning time-difference is greater than 99.8%, and the stability of repeated measurements is up to 99.5%. This demodulation method can be widely applied in the FBG measurement system.     

干涉型光纤水听器数字化外差检测方法动态范围上限研究

阐述了干涉型光纤水听器外差检测的基本原理,对干涉型光纤水听器数字化外差检测方法动态范围上限进行了研究.理论分析了由外差频率决定的动态范围上限以及反正切、微分-交叉相乘(DCM)两种正交解调算法决定的动态范围上限,并进行了综合对比.分析结果表明,不同的外差频率所能达到的动态范围上限不同;相同的外差频率结合不同的正交解调算...     

BOR-FDTD analysis of nonlinear Fiber Bragg grating and distributed Bragg resonator

Recently, nonlinear materials have attracted a great deal of attention because of their importance in designing new devices to meet a need range of optical systems. An intense investigation of the possibility of using these materials for all optical ultrafast applications is achieved by allowing their dielectric characteristics to be varied in such a way that a periodic perturbation of their refractive index along the length of the waveguide will be formed. The Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) method, on the other hand, has been proven to be one of the most powerful numerical techniques that are usefully applied to a wide range of optical devices. In this paper, a FDTD technique, developed for nonlinear structures, is used to analyze a nonlinear waveguide and periodic nonlinear structures that exhibit attractive properties that make them suitable for novel devices with wavelength tunable characteristics. More specifically, the Bodies of Revolution (BOR) FDTD numerical simulation method will be used to model the fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) and the direct integration method will be employed to include the effect of Self Phase Modulation (SPM) in this model. The combination of these techniques will result in a model that is used to analyze two different types of periodic nonlinear structure, FBG and Distributed Bragg Resonator (DBR). The nonlinear effect provides the designer an added degree of design flexibility for devices with wavelength tunable characteristics, for example, in the design of tunable filters, WDM systems and optical sensors.     

Ammonia-treated N-(1-naphthyl) ethylenediamine dihydrochloride as a novel matrix for rapid quantitative and qualitative determination of serum free fatty acids by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry

The blood free fatty acids (FFAs), which provide energy to the cell and act as substrates in the synthesis of fats, lipoproteins, liposaccharides, and eicosanoids, involve in a number of important physiological processes. In the present study, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (MALDI-FTICR MS) with ammonia-treated N-(1-naphthyl) ethylenediamine dihydrochloride (ATNEDC) as a novel MALDI matrix in a negative ion mode was employed to directly quantify serum FFAs. Multiple point internal standard calibration curves between the concentration ratios of individual fatty acids to internal standard (IS, C_17:0) versus their corresponding intensity ratios were constructed for C_14:0, C_16:1, C_16:0, C_18:0, C_18:1, C_18:2, C_18:3, C_20:4, and C_22:6, respectively, in their mixture, with correlation coefficients between 0.991 and 0.999 and limits of detection (LODs) between 0.2 and 5.4 μM, along with the linear dynamic range of more than two orders of magnitude. The results indicate that the multiple point internal standard calibration could reduce the impact of ion suppression and improve quantification accuracy in the MALDI mode. The quantitative results of nine FFAs from 339 serum samples, including 161 healthy controls, 118 patients with hyperglycemia and 60 patients without hyperglycemia show that FFAs levels in hyperglycemic patient sera are significantly higher than those in healthy controls and patients without hyperglycemia, and elevated FFA levels are also associated with increased levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG) in hyperglycemic patient sera. Serum FFAs were identified on the basis of the observed accurate molecular masses and reliable isotope distributions obtained by MALDI-FTICR MS.     

波长扫描极值解调法实现光纤光栅应变和温度传感的测量

本文用可编程调谐光纤光栅环行腔激光器作扫描光源,采用波长扫描极值传感解调法对光纤光栅应变及温度进行了测量。应变测量范围为±2440με,灵敏度为0.016step/με;温度测量范围达608℃,灵敏度为0.13step/℃。     

一种新颖封装的耐高温光纤Bragg光栅温度传感器

分析了光纤Bragg光栅的传感原理,将光纤光栅置于细钢管通过一种耐高温胶粘结细钢管两端使光纤光栅在高温下不脱落,并通过细钢管上的中间螺纹给光纤光栅施加预应力,使光纤光栅在温度变化过程中一直保持张紧状态,保证传感器有很好的重复性和良好的线性.实验结果表明:该FBG光纤光栅温度传感器灵敏度为0.0252 nm/℃,有良好的重复性和线性,温度测量范围达200℃以上,可应用在高温环境测量温度的变化.