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11.
Michael K. -H. Kiessling 《Journal of statistical physics》1990,59(5-6):1157-1186
The canonical equilibrium measure of classical two-component Coulomb matter with regularized interactions is analyzed in a finite volume. It is shown that, in the mean-field regime, the one-particle density is inhomogeneous on a new characteristic length scale inh. For a system ofN positive andN negative particles, inh and the characteristic length scale of correlations corr (=Debye screening length) are related via inh=(2N)1/2 corr. The major conceptual conclusion that is drawn from this is that one needs two nontrivial complementary thermodynamic limits to define the equilibrium thermodynamics of two-component Coulomb systems. One of them is the standard thermodynamic limit (infinite volume), where one takesN, corr fixed. Its complementary limit is characterized byN, inh fixed, and is a finite-volume inhomogeneous mean-field limit. The most prominent new feature in the mean-field thermodynamic limit, which is absent in the standard thermodynamic limit, is an anomalous first-order phase transition where the Coulomb system explodes or implodes, respectively. The phase transition is connected with the existence of a metastable plasma phase far below the ionization temperature. 相似文献
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We consider the Stackelberg problem corresponding to a two-player game in which one of the two players has the leadership in playing the game. We present a general approach for approximating the considered hierarchical programming problem by a sequence of two-level optimization problems. From a practical point of view, we also give some results for asymptotically Stackelberg approximating sequences and for problems with perturbed constraints.This paper is based upon results first presented at Journées Fermat: Mathematics for Optimization, Toulouse, France, May 1985. 相似文献
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膜载体酶标记dip-stick快速检测西维因的痕量残留 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
利用直接竞争酶联免疫吸附分析技术研发了一种快速、灵敏的膜载体酶标记dip-stick农残西维因检测方法。该方法以带正电尼龙膜(Millipore)为固相载体,将西维因抗体包被于膜上,包被有抗体的膜插入含有西维因和西维因酶标抗原的混合液中竞争反应10 min后直接目视判断分析结果。该方法的整个检测过程只需15 min,对西维因的检出限可达到10μg.L-1,且稳定性较好。通过与高效液相色谱法(HPLC)比较,验证了该检测方法的有效性,可作为品质控制和快速定性检测的一种有效工具。 相似文献
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The spherical-model limitn of then-vector model in a random field, with either a statistically independent distribution or with long-range correlated random fields, is studied to demonstrate the correctness of the replica method in which then and replica limits limits are interchanged, provided the replica and thermodynamic limits are taken in the right order, in the case of long-range correlated random fields. A scaling form for the two-point correlation function relevant to the first-order phase transition below the lower critical dimensionality of the random system is also obtained. 相似文献
16.
Radial viewing 40.68 MHz inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer was used in the determination of Y, Sc and rare earth elements in Eu2O3 or Lu2O3 as pure rare earth matrices. The Mg II 280.270 nm/Mg I 285.213 nm line intensity ratio was measured to evaluate the robustness of the operating conditions. The operating conditions were affected by varying the incident power and sheathing gas flow rate. The carrier gas flow rate remained a constant value. The relationship between the Mg II 280.270 nm/Mg I 285.213 nm ratio and the excitation temperature was obtained. A dependence of the magnesium ratio in the pure solvent and the corresponding values in the presence of the above matrices was established. 相似文献
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Reduced inorganic phosphorus in the natural environment: significance, speciation and determination 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
It is commonly assumed that phosphorus occurs almost exclusively in the environment as fully oxidized phosphate (primarily H2PO4− and HPO42−, where the oxidation state of phosphorus is +V). Recent developments in the field of microbiology and research on the origin of life have suggested a possibly significant role for reduced, inorganic forms of phosphorus in bacterial metabolism and as evolutionary precursors of biological phosphate compounds. Reduced inorganic forms of phosphorus include phosphorus acid (H3PO3, P(+III)), hypophosphorus acid (H3PO2, P(+I)) and various forms of phosphides (P(−III)). Reduced phosphorus has been detected in anaerobic sediments, sewage treatment facilities and in industrial and agricultural processes.Microbiological evidence suggests a significant role for reduced phosphorus species in metabolic processes and raises interesting questions regarding the biogeochemistry of this nutrient in the environment. However, the paucity of data on the presence and cycling of reduced phosphorus compounds in the environment requires attention in order to elucidate the role of these compounds in natural systems. This paper discusses the significance of reduced phosphorus in the natural environment, its speciation and methods of detection. 相似文献
19.
While operational qualification (OQ) is a well-established term within equipment qualification, users of equipment often become unsure when it comes to implementation. The biggest problem is how to select procedures and acceptance criteria. Should these be the vendor's specifications or should the users define their own limits, and, if so, how? Should all instruments of the same type have the same values or should these be optimized for each individual instrument? This article will provide an overall strategy and specific examples for HPLC on how to select procedures and acceptance limits that are based on efficient use of resources, on practicality and on the intended use of the equipment. 相似文献
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