测量透明管壁厚的理论研究

透明管（如玻璃管）壁厚几何尺寸的公差大小是玻管生产中产品质量优劣的重要指标之一;因此透明管的壁厚测量的精度尤为重要。根据光矢量场的电磁场理论仔细分析了透明管在平面光波中的透射和反射的光学特性;并研究其能量分布。用ＣＣＤ作接收器件,进行非接触测量实验系统实验,将理论值与实验值相比较,提出了精确测量透明管壁厚的可行性方法     

空间矩亚像素细分算法的研究

本文首先介绍了空间矩亚像素细分算法的基本原理、计算模板及公式,然后着重分析该方法的原理误差的起因,并推导了原理误差公式;本文利用实验对方法的有效性、线性及精度进行了研究,给出了方法的亚像素定位的标准差、直线边缘检测的坐标图、补偿后的直线边缘坐标图及实测尺寸对比结果     

腔内倍频法测量KDP类晶体损耗系数

 用腔内倍频方法测量无源腔内晶体吸收和散射共同作用带来的损耗,其特点是响应时间很短,约100ns,并具有很高的灵敏度（约10^-4）,可望应用于高功率激光照射下非线性光学晶体无损损伤以及快速损伤的研究。将测量KDP类晶体的损耗结果与文献资料作了比较。     

多个CCD交汇测量系统的理论研究

本文介绍了采用多个线阵ＣＣＤ 组成交汇测量系统的基本原理,导出了测量坐标的计算公式,并利用有关的误差理论对该方法的测量精度进行了详细分析。研究结果表明,多个ＣＣＤ 交汇测量系统能够得到较高的目标捕获几率,同时还能有效地提高坐标测量精度。对大靶面、高速小目标物体的精密测量具有重要意义     

玻璃基片上SiO_2膜层厚度的测量方法

钠钙玻璃基片在液晶显示器件（ＬＣＤ） 等制造业中得到了广泛的应用。为防止基片中的碱金属离子扩散到器件的工作介质中,进而影响其化学稳定性和使用寿命,一般要在基片表面镀上一定厚度的ＳｉＯ２ 膜层,以便起到阻挡层的作用。基于Ｐ 蚀刻剂对ＳｉＯ２ 膜层和基片有显著不同的蚀刻速度,提出了一种测量玻璃基片上的ＳｉＯ２ 膜层厚度的方法,即：利用表面轮廓仪,在测量三个不同的蚀刻数据后,计算出ＳｉＯ２ 膜层的厚度。以用射频溅射法制备的ＳｉＯ２ 膜层为样品进行了测量,具体的实验数据证实了该方法的可靠性和有效性     

光栅横向位移遥测中的辨向和移相技术

分析在用光栅多普勒效应实现横向位移遥测过程中利用移相技术和频移技术获得９０°相移的方法以及光栅运动方向的辨别方法,得出相应的实验结果。     

Sinusoidal Phase-Modulating Superluminescent Diode Interferometer with Fabry-Perot Etalone for Step-Profile Measurement

In this paper we use a superluminescent diode (SLD) as the light source of an interferometer and extract a narrow spectrum from a wide spectrum of the SLD with a Fabry-Perot Etalone (FPE). By varying sinusoidally the distance between the two mirrors of FPE, the central wavelength of the narrow spectrum is scanned sinusoidally. The distance between the mirrors is exactly set by a feedback control system, and sinusoidal phase-modulated SLD light that has a large scanning width of about 10 nm can be obtained with high stability and spatial uniformity. The phase of the interference signal has two different components. One is amplitude Z_b of sinusoidal phase modulation, which is proportional to the optical path difference (OPD) and the scanning width. The other is conventional phase α, which provides a fractional value of the OPD in the range of the wavelength. By combining the two values of the OPD obtained from Z_b and α, an exact OPD larger than the wavelength can be measure with ment accuracy in α. Characteristics of the interferometer are made clearly through step-profile measurements.     

Error-Compensating Phase Measuring Algorithms in a Fizeau Inter ferometer

In phase-shifting Fizeau interferometers, nonlinear motion of the phase shifter and multiple-beam interference are the most common sources of systematic errors affecting high-precision phase measurement. A new class of algorithms with extended compensating capability for these errors is proposed. Measurement errors for the new algorithms and two groups of conventional algorithms: discrete Fourier algorithms and the Schwider-Larkin-Hibino algorithms are estimated as a function of the number of sampled images when these systematic error sources are equally dominant. It is shown that the conventional phase-measuring algorithms produce significant errors when the reflectivity of the testing surface exceeds ten percent. Also, these algorithms have an optimum number of samples at around seven with which the residual errors become minimum. The new class of algorithms shows a substantial reduction of the residual errors when the number of samples exceeds ten. There is no optimum number of samples for the new algorithms. For fewer than six samples, discrete Fourier algorithms which have no error-compensating capability for the nonlinearity of phase modulation give a minimum error.     

Application of SSNTD for maintenance of radiation and nuclear safety of the Sarcophagus

Object “Shelter” (known world-wide as the Sarcophagus) is a source of very high radiological and nuclear hazard. Transfer of the Sarcophagus into an ecologically safe site is a task not only for Ukraine but also for the world community. A composite approach to maintenance of radiation and nuclear safety of the Sarcophagus applying spectrometric methods using solid state nuclear track detectors (SSNTD) is suggested in this paper. The aspects are: (1) monitoring of transuranium element inhalation intake to a human body of nuclear workers; (2) neutron flux evaluation in some premises of the Sarcophagus; (3) fuel hot particle detection in air of working zones; (4) radon and thoron simultaneous measurements.     

Quantum relativistic theory of an electron in terms of local observables

Dirac equation is reformulated in terms of real local observables, which are mean values of the wave function . The quadrivector current is shown to be a function of the potential vector and of other local observables. The equations describe the evolution of a four dimensional system T, X, Y, Z, and of two scalars, in the coordinate system ct, x, y, z. The current is proportional to the T vector. The Z vector is associated with the spin of the electron. Energy and gauge transformations correspond to rotations in the plane (X, Y). In the presence of a static field, the (real) solutions of the equations appear as eigenfunctions associated with energy eigenvalues. Received 7 September 1998