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201.
Objective and motivationTime-of-flight (TOF) tomography used by a clinical ultrasound tomography device can efficiently and reliably produce sound-speed images of the breast for cancer diagnosis. Accurate picking of TOFs of transmitted ultrasound signals is extremely important to ensure high-resolution and high-quality ultrasound sound-speed tomograms. Since manually picking is time-consuming for large datasets, we developed an improved automatic TOF picker based on the Akaike information criterion (AIC), as described in this paper.MethodsWe make use of an approach termed multi-model inference (model averaging), based on the calculated AIC values, to improve the accuracy of TOF picks. By using multi-model inference, our picking method incorporates all the information near the TOF of ultrasound signals. Median filtering and reciprocal pair comparison are also incorporated in our AIC picker to effectively remove outliers.ResultsWe validate our AIC picker using synthetic ultrasound waveforms, and demonstrate that our automatic TOF picker can accurately pick TOFs in the presence of random noise with absolute amplitudes up to 80% of the maximum absolute signal amplitude. We apply the new method to 1160 in vivo breast ultrasound waveforms, and compare the picked TOFs with manual picks and amplitude threshold picks. The mean value and standard deviation between our TOF picker and manual picking are 0.4 μs and 0.29 μs, while for amplitude threshold picker the values are 1.02 μs and 0.9 μs, respectively. Tomograms for in vivo breast data with high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) (∼25 dB) and low SNR (∼18 dB) clearly demonstrate that our AIC picker is much less sensitive to the SNRs of the data, compared to the amplitude threshold picker.Discussion and conclusionsThe picking routine developed here is aimed at determining reliable quantitative values, necessary for adding diagnostic information to our clinical ultrasound tomography device - CURE. It has been successfully adopted into CURE, and allows us to generate such values reliably. We demonstrate that in vivo sound-speed tomograms with our TOF picks significantly improve the reconstruction accuracy and reduce image artifacts. 相似文献
202.
一种正交二视角光学层析重建算法 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
提出了一种基于最大熵原理的正交二视角重建算法,该算法能够较好地重建多峰非对称待测场,且只需两个正交方向的投影数据。算法中融合了含有轴对称因子的先验知识,该先验知识可由两个正交方向的投影数据迭代算出,并分析了正交投影方向这个因素对重建结果的影响。通过计算机数值模拟,结果表明,融合先验知识的正交二视角重建算法与没有融合先验知识的正交二视角重建算法相比重建精度全面超出。其中,在两峰随机余弦高斯模拟待测场的情况下均方根误差减少了73%。在三峰随机高斯模拟待测场的情况下均方根误差减少了47%。该算法充分显示了在重建多峰非对称待测场时的优越性。同时,由于只需要两个正交方向的投影数据,可使实验系统得到简化。 相似文献
203.
204.
In this study,the three dimensional nanoscale organization in the photoactive layers of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and a methanofullerene derivative (PCBM) is revealed by transmission electron tomography.After annealing treatment,either at elevated temperature or during slow solvent evaporation,nanoscale interpenetrating networks are formed with high crystalline order and favorable concentration gradients of both components through the thickness of the photoactive layer.Such a tailored morphology acco... 相似文献
205.
The Stille cross-coupling reaction of [1-11C]acetyl chloride with tributylphenylstannane leading to [carbonyl-11C]acetophenone was studied with the goal of developing a new 11C-labeling method for positron emission tomography tracer synthesis. The coupled product [carbonyl-11C]acetophenone was synthesized using the Pd2(dba)3/P(MeNCH2CH2)3N·HCl system with a 60-61% radiochemical conversion from [1-11C]acetyl chloride (decay-corrected, n = 3). 相似文献
206.
Firas Awaja Benedicta Arhatari Elisabeth Leiss 《Polymer Degradation and Stability》2009,94(10):1814-1824
Epoxy resin composites reinforced with hollow glass microspheres, microlight microspheres, 3D parabeam glass, and E-Glass individually were subjected to accelerated thermal degradation conditions. X-ray microcomputed tomography (XμCT) was used to evaluate density changes, reinforcement filler damage, homogeneity, cracks and microcracks in the bulk of the different epoxy resin composites. XμCT 3D images, 2D reconstructed images and voids calculations revealed microspheres damage, filler distributions and showed cracks in all composites with different shapes and volume in response to the thermal degradation conditions. In addition, expansion of air bubbles/voids was observed and recorded in the microsphere and microlight epoxy composite samples. In a complementary way, optical coherence tomography (OCT) was used as a novel optical characterisation technique to study structural changes of the surface and near-surface regions of the composites, uncovering signs of surface shrinkage caused by the thermal treatment. Thus, combining XμCT and OCT proved useful in examining epoxy resin composites' structure, filler-resin interface and surface characteristics. 相似文献
207.
利用同步辐射CT (SR-CT)技术, 在氮化硅陶瓷样品烧结过程中对其进行实时投影成像, 并应用滤波反投影算法和数字图像处理技术, 得到了样品在整个烧结过程中内部微结构演化的二维和三维重建图像, 实现了对陶瓷固相烧结过程实时、无损的观测. 通过重建图像清晰观测到了陶瓷样品在烧结三个阶段中颗粒接触、烧结颈形成、晶粒和气孔长大、气孔球化并收缩等烧结现象; 统计了样品在不同烧结时刻的孔隙率, 得到了孔隙率随烧结时间对数的变化曲线, 并根据曲线分析了样品在不同烧结时刻致密化速率的变化, 得到了烧结中期孔隙率和时间对数的线性关系. 实验的结果和现有烧结理论相吻合, 并为进一步完善烧结理论提供了有效的实验数据. 相似文献
208.
Hao Wang Dr. Shutao Wang Dr. Helen Su Dr. Kuan‐Ju Chen Amanda Lee Armijo Wei‐Yu Lin Dr. Yanju Wang Dr. Jing Sun Dr. Ken‐ichiro Kamei Dr. Johannes Czernin Prof. Caius G. Radu Prof. Hsian‐Rong Tseng Prof. 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2009,48(24):4344-4348
A supramolecular approach has been developed for the preparation of supramolecular nanoparticles (SNPs) with variable sizes (30–450 nm) from three different molecular building blocks using a cyclodextrin/adamantane recognition system. Positron emission tomography (PET) was employed to study the biodistribution and lymph node drainage of the SNPs in mice. The sizes of the SNPs affect their in vivo characteristics (see picture).
209.
Dipanjan Pan Dr. Manojit Pramanik Angana Senpan Dr. Xinmai Yang Kwang H. Song Mike J. Scott Huiying Zhang Patrick J. Gaffney Dr. Samuel A. Wickline Prof. Lihong V. Wang Prof. Gregory M. Lanza Prof. 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2009,48(23):4170-4173
Spotting clots : Vascularly constrained colloidal gold nanobeacons (GNBs; see picture) can be used as exogenous photoacoustic contrast agents for the targeted detection of fibrin, a major biochemical feature of thrombus. Fibrin‐targeted GNBs provide a more than tenfold signal enhancement in photoacoustic tomography in the near‐IR wavelength window, indicating their potential for diagnostic imaging.
210.
The cross covariogram gK,L of two convex sets is the function which associates to each the volume of the intersection of K with L+x. The problem of determining the sets from this function is relevant in stochastic geometry, in probability and it is equivalent to a particular case of the phase retrieval problem in Fourier analysis. It is also relevant for the inverse problem of determining the atomic structure of a quasicrystal from its X-ray diffraction image. The two main results of this paper are that gK,K determines three-dimensional convex polytopes K and that gK,L determines both K and L when K and L are convex polyhedral cones satisfying certain assumptions. These results settle a conjecture of G. Matheron in the class of convex polytopes. Further results regard the known counterexamples in dimension n4. 相似文献