全文获取类型
收费全文 | 4459篇 |
免费 | 151篇 |
国内免费 | 522篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 3066篇 |
晶体学 | 61篇 |
力学 | 104篇 |
综合类 | 4篇 |
数学 | 53篇 |
物理学 | 1844篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 7篇 |
2023年 | 121篇 |
2022年 | 112篇 |
2021年 | 72篇 |
2020年 | 110篇 |
2019年 | 138篇 |
2018年 | 94篇 |
2017年 | 112篇 |
2016年 | 145篇 |
2015年 | 158篇 |
2014年 | 184篇 |
2013年 | 219篇 |
2012年 | 198篇 |
2011年 | 371篇 |
2010年 | 303篇 |
2009年 | 339篇 |
2008年 | 301篇 |
2007年 | 334篇 |
2006年 | 240篇 |
2005年 | 182篇 |
2004年 | 187篇 |
2003年 | 172篇 |
2002年 | 125篇 |
2001年 | 94篇 |
2000年 | 106篇 |
1999年 | 82篇 |
1998年 | 92篇 |
1997年 | 62篇 |
1996年 | 56篇 |
1995年 | 51篇 |
1994年 | 51篇 |
1993年 | 35篇 |
1992年 | 40篇 |
1991年 | 45篇 |
1990年 | 17篇 |
1989年 | 16篇 |
1988年 | 16篇 |
1986年 | 21篇 |
1985年 | 9篇 |
1984年 | 10篇 |
1983年 | 7篇 |
1982年 | 10篇 |
1981年 | 18篇 |
1980年 | 12篇 |
1979年 | 8篇 |
1978年 | 11篇 |
1977年 | 6篇 |
1976年 | 9篇 |
1975年 | 5篇 |
1974年 | 6篇 |
排序方式: 共有5132条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
71.
Direct CI mass spectrometry profiling of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) from in situ thermal hydrolysis/methylation (THM) of whole bacterial cells with tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) has been demonstrated as a potential method for real time and fieldable detection/identification of microorganisms. Bacillus anthracis (Ames), Yersinia pestis (Nair. Kenya), Vibrio cholerae (E1 Tor), Brucella melitensis (Abortus wild) and Francisella tularensis (LVS vaccine) were profiled by this method during a 10-month period. Repeatability of the in situ FAME data was calculated using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and a t-test. Artificial neural network (ANN) and multivariate statistics of the FAME profiles were also compared for bacterial identification/classification. Equivalent results were obtained with a multivariate rule building expert system (MuRES) and the ANN. However, the ANN analysis required much less computer time and was deemed the best choice for this application. In situ THM FAME profiles of the bacterial samples provided comparable results with those obtained from the Microbial Identification System (MIDI) (Newark, DE) wet chemistry-gas chromatographic based system. 相似文献
72.
超高交联树脂对苯胺的吸附机理研究 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
在静态条件下,研究了水溶液中超高交联树脂AM-1和NJ-8及大孔吸附树脂Amberlite XAD-4吸附苯胺的热力学特性,测定了不同温度下的吸附等温线。结果表明,在稀溶液中3种树脂吸附苯胺都符合Langmuir和Freundlich模型,其中AM-1和NJ-8对苯胺的吸附是一个吸热过程;由于AM-1和NJ-8的微孔结构和表面存在酸性基团的吸附中心,对苯胺的吸附是物理吸附和化学吸附共同作用的结果。 相似文献
73.
Sandip Halder Theodor Schneller Rainer Waser Florian Thomas 《Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology》2007,41(3):203-207
Nickel thin films have been sputtered on standard Si/SiO2 substrates with TiO2 as an adhesive layer. The thermal stability of these substrates was analyzed. SEM images show an increase in grain size with
annealing temperature. They were found to be stable till 800°C, beyond which the nickel layer disintegrated. These substrates
were used for deposition of BaTiO3 and (Ba,Sr)TiO3 dielectric thin films under a reducing atmosphere. The dielectric thin films were processed with various pyrolysis and annealing
temperatures in order to optimize the dielectric properties. Increased pyrolysis temperatures showed an increase in the grain
size. Results on these nickelised substrates were finally compared with dielectric films deposited on platinized silicon substrates
under identical conditions but crystallized in an oxygen atmosphere. 相似文献
74.
Chemical effects on Kβ/Kα X-ray intensity ratios for some Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu and Zn compounds are studied experimentally. The X-ray spectra were measured by using a Si (Li) solid state detector with high resolution. The vacancies were produced by heavily filtered 241Am gamma rays. It is found that the Kβ/Kα X-ray intensity ratios measured with compounds deviated up to 43% from the corresponding values of the pure elements. The values for pure elements are compared with the other experimental and with theoretical values. 相似文献
75.
76.
The chemical polymerization of aniline was carried out in media containing different linear dicarboxylic acids with the use of oxidants such as K2Cr2O7, KMnO4, K2S2O8, KIO3 and FeCl3. The highest yield and the conductivity were observed with K2Cr2O7. The yield and the conductivity of the polyaniline (PAn) synthesized were observed to decrease in the order of oxalic acid > malonic acid > succinic acid > glutaric acid > adipic acid > phthalic acid. The solubility tests carried out in solvents such as DMF, DMSO and NMP showed that the larger the dopant molecule, the higher is the solubility of polyaniline. The PAn synthesized was characterized by measurements of conductivity, intrinsic viscosity, density and FTIR, UV-VIS and TGA techniques. 相似文献
77.
用量子化学从头算方法(HF/6-31G)和密度泛函理论(DFT)的B3LYP方法,以6-31G标准基组加一个极化函数,对(ClAlNH)n(n=1-10)簇合物的几何构型,电子结构和红外光谱进行了优化,并讨论了聚合反应(ClAlNH)m→(ClAlNH)n的热力学效应,结果表明,(ClAlNH)n系列簇合物的基态稳定结构为Cs(n=1),D2h(n=2),D3h(n=3),Td(n=4),Cs(n=5),D3d(n=6),Cs(n=7),S4(n=8),D3h(n=9),C2h(n=10,n=2,4,6,8,10等偶数对应的(ClAlNH)n簇化合物的结构比n等于奇数量更稳定。 相似文献
78.
环境水中化学需氧量的FI分光光度法自动在线检测 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
本文将流动注射分光光度法用于环境废水中化学需氧量(COD)的自动在线检测,方法线性范围在0-100mg/L之间,相对标准偏差<2%以葡萄糖和苯二甲酸氢钾混合液制备标准溶液,对标准参考水样COD含量(Cr值)的测定结果表明两者有良好的相关性(R=0.9880)对环境水样中COD含量的动态变化连续10h模拟试验,自制的在线过滤装置稳定,未发生堵塞现象;该系统可以较好地跟踪水样中COD浓度的实际变化 相似文献
79.
Beate Hager Bettina Schwarzinger Heinz Falk 《Monatshefte für Chemie / Chemical Monthly》2006,137(2):163-168
Summary. Two model compounds for the green fluorescent protein chromophore were prepared. One of them incorporates the natural 4-hydroxybenzylidene
group of the natural tyrosin derived chromophore, the other one bears a methyl group instead of the hydroxy group. Whereas
the photochemically prepared (E)-diastereomer of the first compound very effectively reverted thermally (room temperature) to the thermodynamically stable
(Z)-diastereomer, the (E)-diastereomer of the second derivative proved to be stable even at elevated temperatures for more than a day. This finding
can be rationalized by constructing the appropriate resonance structures showing that only in the first case an effective
delocalization enables partial single bond character of the benzylidene double bond. From the standpoint of chemical etiology,
only Nature’s choice of the tyrosin derived chromophore of the green fluorescent protein provides an efficient radiationless
thermal relaxation channel for the unwanted photo-diastereomerization product formed after excitation besides the dominating
fluorescence channel of its chromophore. 相似文献
80.
Michael A. Collins 《Theoretical chemistry accounts》2002,108(6):313-324
This paper reviews the construction of molecular potential-energy surfaces by an interpolation method which has been developed
over the last several years. The method uses ab initio quantum chemistry calculations of the molecular electronic energy in
an automated procedure to construct global potential- energy surfaces which can be used to simulate chemical reactions with
either classical or quantum dynamics. The methodology is explained and several applications are presented to illustrate the
approach.
Received: 22 February 2002 / Accepted: 2 May 2002 / Published online: 6 November 2002
Correspondence to: M. A. Collins e-mail: collins@rsc.anu.edu.au
Acknowledgements. The methods described in this overview are the result of collaborations with former members of my group, in particular with
Josef Ischtwan, Meredith Jordon, Keiran Thompson and Ryan Bettens. I am also indebted for inspiration gained from many discussions
with my colleagues Leo Radom and Donghui Zhang (National University of Singapore). This work has been supported by the Supercomputer
Facility of the Australian National University and the Australian Partnership for Advanced Computing. 相似文献