红外光谱分析丙烯酸树脂包膜尿素膜降解特征

采用傅里叶变换红外光谱吸收(FTIR)方法分析丙烯酸树脂包膜尿素及与生化抑制剂结合的四种肥料在棕壤中膜降解特征,尝试利用红外光谱技术分析丙烯酸树脂膜降解特征,为包膜尿素肥料的应用提供科学依据。分析表明,成膜的化学成分,分子结构和膜组成没有因不同种生化抑制剂的加入而受到影响。膜特征峰出现在3 479～3 195,2 993～2 873,1 741～1 564,1 461～925和850～650cm-1之间,主要是CH3,CH2的—C—H,—OH,C—O,C—C,C—O—C,CO,CC的不对称、对称伸缩振动吸收,峰面随时间变化由平到尖,由宽到窄,吸收强度因化学键量变强弱不一。60d前四种肥料膜红外吸收光谱没有明显区别,膜降解缓慢;而60d后降解速度加快,以120d降解速度最快,310d后四种肥料膜主要分子结构没有实质性改变,膜材料主要成分在棕壤中降解十分缓慢,降解速度并没有明显受到不同生化抑制剂的影响。降解特征可以用红外吸收光谱测定与描述,红外光谱能够描绘膜降解动态,物质化学基团变化,降解速度的差别。     

红外光谱分析醋酸酯淀粉包膜尿素膜降解特征

采用傅里叶变换红外吸收光谱(FTIR)方法分析醋酸酯淀粉包膜尿素及与生化抑制剂结合的四种肥料在棕壤中膜降解特征,为包膜尿素肥料的应用提供科学依据。分析表明,膜化学成分,分子结构和膜组成没有因加入不同的抑制剂而改变。膜特征峰主要是H-O,—OH,CO2,C=O,—CH2,—CH3,C—O,C—O—H,C—O—C的不对称、对称伸缩振动吸收。在棕壤中,最高峰吸收强度总趋势0>15>30>60>90>120>150>310d,前15d降解相对缓慢。150d大部分膜物质已降解。经过310d,膜主要官能团或分子结构发生了实质性改变,不同抑制剂对膜降解速度没有显著影响。红外吸收光谱完全可以测定与描述醋酸酯淀粉膜降解特征,并可揭示膜降解速度差异。     

水稻糙米粗蛋白近红外光谱定量分析模型的优化研究

筛选有代表性的191份糙米样品为试材,其中42份来自国家稻种资源库、149份来自水旱稻杂交产生的DH系,蛋白质含量变幅5.90％～14.50％,采用偏最小二乘法(PLS)建立模型,并构造模型的评价参数——目标函数[R/(1+RMSECV)], 同时借助校正集和验证集两个载荷向量得分二维空间投影图,对近红外定量模型进行评价和优化。结果表明: 在5 000～9 000 cm-1范围内,预处理方法为一阶导数,校正模型和外部检验的目标函数值分别为0.701和0.687;两载荷向量得分直观分布图显示样品的聚类结果与目标函数筛选结果一致,也进一步验证了目标函数是模型评价和优化的有效指标。     

欧式向下敲出看涨幂期权的Esscher变换定价

首先根据障碍期权的不同类型,对普通欧式向下敲出看涨幂期权、部分时间开始、部分时间结束、一般部分时间欧式向下敲出看涨幂期权给出定义.通过E sscher变换分别给出定价公式.另外,对两资产欧式向下敲出幂期权也给出了定价公式,为实践者提供了理论上的参考价格.最后,阐述了此方法的优点.     

泥炭,软褐煤中的芳香烃的荧光特性

对滇西镇安盆地泥炭、软褐煤氯仿沥青“Ａ”中的芳香烃进行了较详细的荧光光度术研究。在蓝光激发下，初始态芳香烃发绿色荧光，接着迅速转变为黄色，进而转变为橙黄色或黄橙色，其Ⅰ_（５４６）很大，介于１２．５０─６０．２０之间，远大于泥炭、软褐煤中的稳定组分的相应值。Ⅰ_（５４６）呈快速负变化；初始态芳香烃荧光光谱为单峰状，λ_（ｍａｘ）为５１０─５４５ｎｍ，总体在５２０─２５ｎｍ，Ｑ_（６５０／５００）为０．３５─１．０６，总体为０．４５─０．５５。随激发时间增长，光谱变为双峰状，λ_（ｍａｘ）及Ｑ_（６５０／５００）均随激发时间增长而出现先增大后减小的变化趋势。     

带干扰风险的破产模型的研究

本文对古典风险模型中保险公司按单位时间常数率收到保险费的假设做了改进,将每次收到的保险费的次数看作是复合泊松过程,将每次收到的保费和每次的理陪额均看作是服从指数分布的随机变量,并引入带干扰风险的扰动项,从而对古典风险模型进行推广,且给出了相应的破产概率上界,分析了破产概率的上界与准备金,索赔额,净保费和扰动方差之间的关系.     

带Brown运动的随机奇异积分的存在性

在轨迹二阶导数具有Hlder连续的条件下,利用高阶奇异积分思想和概率极限的理论,研究了在Brown运动下的随机奇异积分.得到了以Brown运动为积分元的随机奇异积分是存在性定理.     

Whole-cell spectroscopy is a convenient tool to assist molecular identification of cultivatable marine bacteria and to investigate their adaptive metabolism

Recent developments in whole-cell spectroscopic methods allow rapid characterization of microorganisms of interest to human health, but have yet to be widely applied to marine microbiological studies. In this study of bacteria associated with the kelp Laminaria digitata, we have isolated 18 epiphytic bacterial strains from several thalli, sequenced their 16S rDNA, built corresponding phylogenetic trees, and characterized them using spectroscopic methods. Molecular taxonomy revealed Gram⁺Actinobacteria and Gram⁻Alphaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria and Bacteroidetes. Twelve marine reference strains (Gram⁺Firmicutes, and Gram⁻Alphaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria and Bacteroidetes) were treated accordingly. Whole-cell MALDI-TOF MS spectral profiles of 29 of the 30 strains were built into a database against which 16 replicate spectra of each strain were compared and categorized into groups. The proton HR-MAS NMR stack plots allowed visual delineation into taxonomic groups according to their most common peaks, in agreement with identifiable compounds from corresponding D₂O solution spectra. With both methods, these groups corresponded to taxa identified by 16S rDNA sequences, MALDI-TOF MS being more discriminative than HR-MAS NMR. Culture age did not influence the spectral signatures in both approaches. Most cells grown under minimal conditions (VNSS medium) afforded HR-MAS NMR profiles markedly different to those grown in enriched conditions (ZoBell medium), indicating different adaptive metabolic responses between the two media. Spectral signatures obtained under strictly controlled conditions can be used as rapid and reliable tools for taxonomic purposes and as markers of physiological status.     

GARCH模型参数变化的残量检验

本文研究GARCH模型参数变化的检验问题. 给出残量累积和统计量, 在原假设下得到了统计量的极限分布; 模拟结果表明残量检验可以弥补Kim, Cho和Lee (2000)\ucite{1}提出的平方累积和检验的某些不足, 比如经验势函数值过低的问题.     

A New Sesquiterpene-substituted Benzoic Acid from the Brown Alga Dictyopteris divaricata

A new sesquiterpene-substituted benzoic acid has been isolated from the brown Alga Dictyopteris divaricata Okam.Its structure was elucidated as 3-[(2-hydroxy-2,5,5,8a-tetramethyldecahydro-1-naphthalenyl)methyl]-4-hydroxybenzoic acid, named dictyvaric acid on the basis of spectroscopic methods including IR, HRFABMS, 1D and 2D NMR techniques.