Optical damage resistance of Hf:Fe:LiNbO3 crystals with various [Li]/[Nb] ratios

Hf:Fe:LiNbO₃ crystals were grown in air by the Czochralski technique with various [Li]/[Nb] ratios ([Li]/[Nb]=0.94, 1.05, 1.20) in melt. The defect structure and location of doped ions were analyzed by the UV‐visible absorption spectra. The optical damage resistance of Hf:Fe:LiNbO₃ crystals was investigated by the photoinduced birefringence change and the transmitted light spot distortion method. The results show that the optical damage resistance ability of Hf:Fe:LiNbO₃ crystals decreases with the increase of the [Li]/[Nb] ratio. The dependence of the optical damage resistance of Hf:Fe:LiNbO₃ crystals on the defect structure is discussed in detail. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Discrete element modeling of the effect of particle size distribution on the small strain stiffness of granular soils

Discrete element modeling was used to investigate the effect of particle size distribution on the small strain shear stiffness of granular soils and explore the fundamental mechanism controlling this small strain shear stiffness at the particle level. The results indicate that the mean particle size has a negligible effect on the small strain shear modulus. The observed increase of the shear modulus with increasing particle size is caused by a scale effect. It is suggested that the ratio of sample size to the mean particle size should be larger than 11.5 to avoid this possible scale effect. At the same confining pressure and void ratio, the small strain shear modulus decreases as the coefficient of uniformity of the soil increases. The Poisson’s ratio decreases with decreasing void ratio and increasing confining pressure instead of being constant as is commonly assumed. Microscopic analyses indicate that the small strain shear stiffness and Poisson’s ratio depend uniquely on the soil’s coordination number.     

Comparison of theoretical and experimental results for band-gap-graded CZTSSe solar cell

The simulation of CZTSSe solar cells is presented in this paper. The simulation results are in reasonable agreement with the experimental data, indicating the reliability of simulation results. New structure is proposed to increase the functionality of the cell. Improved functional performances are achieved by inserting a P-Silicon (P-Si) layer as back surface field. Simulation results suggest that by inserting this P-Si layer, efficiency of the CZTSSe solar cell increases from 12.6% to 16.59%, which is a significant improvement. For the champion cell J_SC = 36.27 mA/cm², V_OC = 0.625 V and FF = 73.11% has been achieved.     

Noise analysis of grating-based x-ray differential phase-contrast imaging with angular signal radiography

X-ray phase-contrast imaging is one of the novel techniques,and has potential to enhance image quality and provide the details of inner structures nondestructively.In this work,we investigate quantitatively signal-to-noise ratio(SNR) of grating-based x-ray phase contrast imaging(GBPCI) system by employing angular signal radiography(ASR).Moreover,photon statistics and mechanical error that is a major source of noise are investigated in detail.Results show the dependence of SNR on the system parameters and the effects on the extracted absorption,refraction and scattering images.Our conclusions can be used to optimize the system design for upcoming practical applications in the areas such as material science and biomedical imaging.     

光学元件狭缝柔性调节机构的设计与分析

设计了一种狭缝柔性结构的光学元件调节机构,使光学元件在具备较高调节精度的同时,保持较高的导向精度。采用弹性力学应力函数法分析了狭缝柔性结构的刚度,以径向刚度与轴向刚度的比值为目标函数,对狭缝柔性结构尺寸参数进行了优化,在不超过柔性结构材料屈服应力等约束条件下,刚度比最优值达到1 573.6,较大的刚度比值可以减小调节机构的耦合位移,从而提高机构的导向精度。该结构加工装配方便,可实现三自由度(θx-θy-Z)调节。对优化后的柔性结构进行仿真分析,结果表明:径向刚度与轴向刚度比值的仿真值为1 660.4,解析值与仿真值误差为5.23%,证明了刚度分析方法的有效性。优化后的结构,轴向调节行程为2.09 mm,绕x轴偏转角度调节行程为±16.6 mrad,绕y轴偏转角度调节行程可达到±14.4 mrad,满足光学元件调节的大行程要求。     

氩氧流量比对CeOx-SnOx膜微观结构及光学性能的影响

采用磁控反应共溅射的方法,以金属Ce和Sn为金属源,成功地制备出CeOx-SnOx薄膜.利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等测试手段对薄膜的结构、表面形貌及成分进行了分析和表征.结果表明薄膜以岛状模式生长,随氩氧比降低,结晶性增强,出现CeO2和SnO相.此外,利用紫外-可见分光光度计对薄膜的光学性能进行了研究,测试结果表明薄膜对紫外光有极强的吸收作用.当氩氧流量比为3∶1时,紫外光平均透过率仅为5.80;,而可见光平均透过率为81.48;.     

水热法合成硒化锡纳米盘及其形成机理探讨

本制备方法以二氧化硒(SeO2)为硒源,以氯化亚锡(SnCl2·2H2O)为锡源,以水合肼(N2H4·H2O)为还原剂在180 ℃ 的条件下利用水热法合成了硒化锡纳米盘.产物分别用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)表征手段进行了表征,探索了硒化锡纳米盘的形成机理.通过一系列反应物中不同硒元素与锡元素的摩尔比的条件实验,讨论了其对反应所得产物的影响;另外,通过不同反应温度的条件实验,研究了反应体系温度对所得反应产物的影响,讨论了相关的规律.     

Spectral indices to assess the carotenoid/chlorophyll ratio from adaxial and abaxial leaf reflectance

The ratio between the carotenoid and chlorophyll concentrations can indicate the physiology and phenology of plants. Most of the vegetation indices related to the ratio between the carotenoid and chlorophyll contents only consider the reflectance from the adaxial leaf surface. In this study, it was found that the leaf reflectance from the abaxial surface is lower than that of the adaxial surface in the visible wavelength region. On the contrary, the reflectance is higher on the adaxial surface in the near-infrared wavelength region. The difference ratio index resulted in the best correlation with the carotenoid/chlorophyll ratio and was the most robust among all the spectral indices studied when the spectral information on the adaxial and abaxial surfaces was pooled. The result indicated that this index can accurately estimate the carotenoid/chlorophyll ratio because of the insensitivity to the differences between adaxial and abaxial leaf surfaces.     

Br_2分子在360—610 nm的光解离动力学研究

利用包含转动自由度在内的含时薛定谔方程研究了Br_2分子在波长范围为360—610 nm的光解离动力学.通过计算得到了Br_2分子在四个特征波长处的切片解离影像,并经过分析得到了与切片解离影像相对应的动能分布;计算了Br_2分子在波长范围为360—610 nm内总的动能分布,以及从A,B和C三个电子态解离的碎片各自所对应的动能分布;计算了A,B和C三个电子态各自的解离概率以及碎片产物的分支比Γ(Br~*/(Br+Br~*))随波长的变化.     

基于PS12台阵的微弱爆炸信号识别技术

对GSN台网的HIA地震台站与CTBTO/IMS的PS12地震台阵记录的2007年12月11日河北怀来“明灯1号”爆炸及2006年10月9日朝鲜爆炸事件进行对比分析。结果显示:PS12台阵子台监测的P波信噪比提高至普通台站监测的P波信噪比的4.6倍;利用聚束技术进一步压低噪声后,PS12台阵聚束信号的信噪比提高至单个钻井台站的3倍,比普通HIA台站记录的地震信号信噪比高10多倍。研究结果表明,钻井小孔径台阵可高效提高微弱信号的检测能力。