具有固有频率涨落的记忆阻尼线性系统的随机共振

研究了在内噪声、外噪声(固有频率涨落噪声)及周期激励信号共同作用下具有指数型记忆阻尼的广义Langevin方程的共振行为.首先将其转化为等价的三维马尔可夫线性系统,再利用Shapiro-Loginov公式和Laplace变换导出系统响应一阶矩和稳态响应振幅的解析表达式.研究发现,当系统参数满足Routh-Hurwitz稳定条件时,稳态响应振幅随周期激励信号频率、记忆阻尼及外噪声参数的变化存在"真正"随机共振、传统随机共振和广义随机共振,且随机共振随着系统记忆时间的增加而减弱.数值模拟计算结果表明系统响应功率谱与理论结果相符.     

基于双重傅里叶级数的混沌SPWM频谱量化分析

混沌SPWM控制因其可以有效地降低变换器的电磁干扰而得到越来越多的关注,目前对于电磁干扰效果的分析主要以仿真和实验为主,缺乏一种量化的分析方法.本文利用双重傅里叶级数的方法,首先给出了多周期及准随机SPWM的频谱量化表达式,并且针对多周期SPWM进行了频谱计算与仿真的对比验证,然后本文将此计算方法拓展应用到混沌SPWM中,并分析了混沌频谱计算的可行性.为了验证不同映射及不同载波周期波动范围对频谱的影响,文中选择了常用的Tent和Chebyshev映射分别进行了对比实验,实验结果表明,载波周期波动范围对扩频效果具有较大的影响,而且从长期看,混沌序列的分布概率密度会影响扩频的效果,从短期来看,序列的初始值选取也会对扩频效果有较大影响.本文的频谱分析方法对混沌SPWM抑制电磁干扰原理提供了一定的理论基础,而且可以为其工程实践提供设计参考.     

基于随机耦合模型的系统级电磁环境效应分析

通过宽频带电磁环境下计算机机箱关键部位感应电压统计分布的实验验证和基于随机矩阵理论的耦合模型的理论计算研究,给出了随机耦合模型(RCM)的应用流程和计算方法;就散射系数、归一化散射和归一化阻抗矩阵的统计特性进行了理论和实验研究,实验测量结果与理论分析结果非常一致;针对RCM的应用进行了初步分析,验证了随机耦合模型在复杂电磁环境下系统级效应分析和预测的适用性。结果证明此方法尤其适用于大型的具有非平行面封装腔体电子设备的电磁兼容、效应及评估等研究。     

扩频原理在聚合物光纤性能测量中的应用

提出了一种将扩频通信原理用于聚合物光纤性能测量的新方法,使用伪随机序列对注入测量系统的光信号进行调制,实现输入光信号的扩展频带,输出光信号经光电转换后,用伪随机序列对信号进行解扩处理,根据扩频原理,解扩后的信号的信噪比会有较大提高.对测量系统的性能进行了仿真分析并与实验结果进行了比较,结果表明该方法可以精确地测量信噪比低于-20 dB的有用信号波形.     

The collision efficiency of spherical dioctyl phthalate aerosol particles in the Brownian coagulation

The collision efficiency in the Brownian coagulation is investigated. A new mechanical model of collision between two identical spherical particles is proposed, and a set of corresponding collision equations is established. The equations are solved numerically, thereby obtaining the collision efficiency for the monodisperse dioctyl phthalate spherical aerosols with diameters ranging from 100 to 760 nm in the presence of van der Waals force and the elastic deformation force. The calculated collision efficiency, in agreement with the experimental data qualitatively, decreases with the increase of particle diameter except a small peak appearing in the particles with a diameter of 510 nm. The results show that the interparticle elastic deformation force cannot be neglected in the computation of particle Brownian coagulation. Finally, a set of new expressions relating collision efficiency to particle diameter is established.     

物理学的新延拓——经济物理学

 经济物理学的提出及其发展近年来,由大量的、存在强相互作用的组分组成的、远离平衡的复杂系统研究中,发展起来的复杂性理论取得了很大进展,由于经济系统与其他复杂系统具有相同或十分相似的性质,比如,热力学系统中的分子运动和经济系统中的商品运动都具有数量极大和运动随机的特征,其运动的相似性如下表:分子运动分子扩散涨落分子密度速率碰撞商品运动商品扩散价格波动商品密度流通速率竞争这使得人们自然想到运用处理复杂系统的熵理论和方法对经济系统进行分析。根据热力学第二定律,一个孤立系统必定自发向熵极大的平衡态发展。由此可以定性推定,市场的某些表征量发展,也是符合热力学第二定律的。     

Study on the operational safety of high-speed trains exposed to stochastic winds

The characteristic wind curve （CWC） was com- monly used in the previous work to evaluate the operational safety of the high-speed trains exposed to crosswinds. How- ever, the CWC only provide the dividing line between safety state and failure state of high-speed trains, which can not evaluate the risk of derailment of high-speed trains when ex- posed to natural winds. In the present paper, a more realistic approach taking into account the stochastic characteristics of natural winds is proposed, which can give a reasonable and effective assessment of the operational safety of high-speed trains under stochastic winds. In this approach, the longitudi- nal and lateral components of stochastic winds are simulated based on the Cooper theory and harmonic superposition. An algorithm is set up for calculating the unsteady aerody- namic forces （moments） of the high-speed trains exposed to stochastic winds. A multi-body dynamic model of the rail vehicle is established to compute the vehicle system dynamic response subjected to the unsteady aerodynamic forces （mo- ments） input. Then the statistical method is used to get the mean characteristic wind curve （MCWC） and spread range of the high-speed trains exposed to stochastic winds. It is found that the CWC provided by the previous analyticalmethod produces over-conservative limits. The methodol- ogy proposed in the present paper can provide more signif- icant reference for the safety operation of high-speed trains exposed to stochastic winds.     

Dynamics of a prey-predator system under Poisson white noise excitation

The classical Lotka-Volterra （LV） model is a well-known mathematical model for prey-predator ecosystems. In the present paper, the pulse-type version of stochastic LV model, in which the effect of a random natural environment has been modeled as Poisson white noise, is in- vestigated by using the stochastic averaging method. The averaged generalized It6 stochastic differential equation and Fokkerlanck-Kolmogorov （FPK） equation are derived for prey-predator ecosystem driven by Poisson white noise. Approximate stationary solution for the averaged generalized FPK equation is obtained by using the perturbation method. The effect of prey self-competition parameter e2s on ecosystem behavior is evaluated. The analytical result is confirmed by corresponding Monte Carlo （MC） simulation.     

非高斯随机激励下滞迟系统响应与首次穿越失效

针对由有界噪声、泊松白噪声和高斯白噪声共同构成的非高斯随机激励,通过Monte Carlo数值模拟方法研究了此激励作用下双线性滞迟系统和Bouc-Wen滞迟系统这两类经典滞迟系统的稳态响应与首次穿越失效时间。一方面,分析了有界噪声和泊松白噪声这两种分别具有连续样本函数和非连续样本函数的非高斯随机激励,在不同激励参数条件下对双线性滞迟系统和Bouc-Wen滞迟系统的稳态响应概率密度、首次穿越失效时间概率密度及其均值的不同影响;另一方面,揭示了在这类非高斯随机激励荷载作用下,双线性滞迟系统的首次穿越失效时间概率密度将出现与Bouc-Wen滞迟系统的单峰首次穿越失效时间概率密度截然不同的双峰形式。     

随机右删失数据下半参数线性变换模型的经验似然推断北大核心CSCD

本文研究了响应变量随机右删失情形下半参数线性变换模型的经验似然推断问题.构造了参数的经验似然比检验统计量,证明了经验似然比检验统计量的渐近分布为加权卡方分布.在此基础上,对经验似然比检验统计量进行了调整,证明了调整的经验似然比检验统计量的渐近分布为标准的卡方分布.基于经验似然和调整的经验似然方法,分别给出了回归参数的一定置信水平的置信域.最后对本文的方法和传统的正态逼近方法进行了模拟比较,模拟结果显示,从置信域的大小和经验覆盖概率两个角度看,本文的方法均比正态逼近方法优越.