新超导体MgCNi3的虚晶掺杂研究

用全势线性缀加平面波方法,考虑局域自旋密度近似研究虚晶掺杂MgCNi3的超导电性和磁性.计算了自旋极化能带结构、体弹性模量和它对压力的导数、原子磁矩 m 及其变化率.计算结果表明,对于电子掺杂的Mg1-xAlxCNi3(0≤x≤0.5), 超导电性和磁涨落随掺杂量的增加逐渐减小.空穴掺杂的Mg1-xNaxCNi3,在x＝0.12处出现铁磁相变,超导电性消失.在MgCNi3少量空穴掺杂区域(0≤x<0.12),表现为超导与磁涨落共存的不稳定状态.     

相空间中相互垂直的相干态迭加态以及相应的双模纠缠态研究

相干态是最接近经典态的量子态，而广泛研究的相干迭加态——如奇偶相干态、Schleich的镜像迭加相干态等——则显示更多非经典效应。另外，双模及多模迭加态，特别是所谓的纠缠态，在量子信息处理如量子隐形传态和量子密码术中扮演重要角色。我们就相空间中相互垂直的相干态的迭加态进行讨论，研究其非经典特性，如光子数统计分布、正交分量压缩效应、Wigner分布函数的负性以及由此引入的非经典判别子。结果表明，这一类相干迭加态在满足某种条件下具有亚泊松光子统计分布和正交分量的压缩效应，并且参数变量在一定范围内这两种非经典效应同时存在；这些迭加态的Wigner分布中存在不同程度的负值区域．并与奇偶相干态做出了比较．计算相廊的Wigner函数积分判别子可以定最地分析其负性的深度。     

Field Quantization and Spontaneous Emission in Left-handed Material

Recently, research on left-handed materials （LHMs） has attracted considerable attentions. The LHMs are a kind of man-made metameterials which have negative permittivity and negative permeability. These metameterials have many novel properties such as inverse light pressure, and reverse Doppler effect, which lead to many potential applications of LHMs such as superlenses which, in principle, can achieve arbitrary subwavelength resolution. However, though the properties mentioned above are seen to be classical, the quantum phenomena in LHMs have also attracted attentions such as the modified spontaneous emission of atoms in LHME.     

The Second Law of Thermodynamic in Quantum System

The second law of thermodynamics is one of the most fundamental and for-reaching laws of physics. It teaches us that when a closed system undergoes a thermodynamic process the entropy of the system never decreases; it increases, or at least remains constant. If the entropy increases the thermodynamic process is irreversible, otherwise it is reversible. Only ideal thermal process is reversible. In classical world a great number of facts have proved the second law is true. But in quantum world since the quantum coherence and correlations exist we are not sure the second law is still true, at least in principle. This is because that： 1. on the microscopic level the irreversibility is conflict with the reversibility of all fundamental physical laws ; 2. there are not enough evidences to show it is true in quantum world.     

纠缠态与反聚束效应

纠缠和非经典效应是经典理论所不能解释的非经典现象，两者是否具有关系引起了人们的研究兴趣，已有的研究表明：纠缠和压缩存在着一定关系，有压缩时存在着纠缠，但有纠缠时不一定存在着压缩。但纠缠是否与反聚束效应有关还未研究。本文主要研究了两种形式的纠缠相干态，通过concurrence的方法计算它们的纠缠度、压缩效应和反聚束效应。通过数值计算可以发现一个有意思的现象：这两种形式的纠缠相干态，在适当的条件下，有压缩效应时，没有反聚束效应，有反聚束效应时，没有压缩效应，特别是第二种形式的纠缠相干态，纠缠的大小分别与压缩效应和反聚束效应的强弱存在着一一对应的关系。     

非对称三态叠加多模泛函叠加态光场的高次压缩——广义电场分量的不等幂次和压缩效应研究

多模真空态|{0j}〉q与两个空间强度分布特征不同的多模复共轭泛函相干态|{f(j a)*(x,y,z)}〉q和|{f(j b)*(x,y,z)}〉q的线性叠加组成的三态叠加多模泛函叠加态光场|ψ(f3)〉q,利用多模压缩态理论,研究了态|ψ(f3)〉q中广义电场分量的不等幂次高次和(H)压缩特性.结果表明:在一定的条件下,态|ψ(f3)〉q的广义电场分量可呈现出周期性变化的任意奇数次和任意偶数次的不等幂次高次H压缩效应;光场的经典振幅和经典初始相位的任意非对称空间分布特征对其压缩程度和压缩深度等压缩特性将产生直接的影响.     

Ψ(2S)粒子及粲夸克偶素物理实验研究——2001年度国家自然科学奖获奖项目介绍

文章介绍2001年度国家自然科学奖二等奖获奖成果，在北京正负电子对撞机上采集了Ψ（2S）粒子大数据样本，开展了粲偶素物理的广泛研究：完成了6个粲偶素涉及质量，宽度和衰变化支比等大批重要参数的首次测量或高精度测量；通过对Ψ（2S）和J／Ψ强衰变性质的比较研究，观察到一系列反常现象，挑战现有理论图像。该项研究成果对量子色动力学的检验与发展具有重要意义，为我国粲偶素物理实验研究的继续发展并保持先进水平奠定坚实基础。     

Entangling Two Multi-atomic Clusters Through a Cavity Field

Two atomic clusters, which have NA and Ns two-level atoms, respectively, are placed in a cavity but separated spatially. There is no direct interaction between the atoms. All the atoms interact with a single-mode of the cavity field. Quantum entanglement between the two atomic clusters is investigated for various initial states of the two atomic clusters and the field. When the cavity field is initially in a Fock state, we find that the time evolution of entanglement quasi-periodically oscillates regardless of the initial states of atoms. The oscillation period increases as the initial photon number increases. When all the atoms in both of the atomic clusters are initially in the excited state, we show that there is no entanglement between the atomic clusters with NA = NB = 1 regardless the initial state of the cavity field. However, when either NA or NB is larger than one, we find that the entanglement always exists even for a strong thermal field. In cases with different initial states of the atomic clusters, we notice that the entanglement becomes stronger as number of the atoms increases. When all the atoms in both of the clusters in the ground state, we also find that the entanglement can be enhanced even by a thermal field. We also notice that a single qubit can be entangled with multi-atoms which are initially in the ground state by the cavity field initially being in vacuum, thermal, coherent, and squeezed states.     

F+H2→HF+H反应的全量子态分辨的散射动力学研究

利用高灵敏度的氢原子里德堡飞渡时间谱方法研究了 F H_2→HF H 反应碰撞能在5.02kJ/mol 下的交叉分子束反应态态散射动力学.所有在时间飞渡谱中被观测到的谱峰可以归属为 HF 产物的振转态结构.还观测到了明显的 HF(v’=3)前向散射,以及少许的 HF(v’=2)前向散射.