A virtual optical probe based on evanescent wave interference

A virtual probe is a novel immaterial tip based on the near-field evanescent wave interference and small aperture diffraction, which can be used in near-field high-density optical data storage, nano-lithography, near-field optical imaging and spectral detection, near-field optical manipulation of nano-scale specimen, etc. In this paper, the formation mechanism of the virtual probe is analysed, the evanescent wave interference discussed theoretically, and the sidelobe suppression by small aperture is simulated by the three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain method. The simulation results of the optical distribution of the near-field virtual probe reveal that the transmission efficiency of the virtual probe is 10²－10⁴ times higher than that of the nano-aperture metal-coated fibre probe widely used in near-field optical systems. The full width at half maximum of the peak, in other words, the size of virtual probe, is constant whatever the distance in a certain range so that the critical nano-separation control in the near-field system can be relaxed. We give an example of the application of the virtual probe in ultrahigh-density optical data storage.     

Optical Fibre Mode Structures Measured by Collection Mode Near-Field Scanning Optical Microscopy

High order fibre mode structures are measured by a near-field scanning optical microscope (NSOM) and are determined to be consistent with the standard fibre LP patterns. The mode-field distortions of high-order mode LP11 and LP21 structures by far-field measurement are analysed based on scalar diffraction theory, and the maximum distortions may reach as high as 5.1% and 6.2%。 This shows that the method of using the NSOM is more accuracy than the far-field measurement method, especially for high-order mode structures of optical fibres.     

声诱饵仿真试验系统

文章介绍了声诱饵仿真试验系统中的有关问题，包括：系统的组成、工作原理、对接装置结构等。建立了对接装置声耦合状态下的数学模型，对近场声压分布进行了仿真计算，得出了匹配材料厚度、发射和接收换能器的选取原则。     

基于分层抽样的校准方法分别比率-乘积估计研究

比率估计在抽样估计阶段利用辅助信息,提高了估计量的估计精度,是抽样调查中一类较为常用的估计方法,但现有的一些比率估计方法均具有各自的最优条件,这在一定程度上影响了它们在实际调查中的应用。为了解决比率估计的最优限制问题,本文引入了校准估计方法,并基于分层抽样研究了总体均值的校准方法分别比率-乘积估计量。在大样本情况下,本文推导了新估计量的估计偏差和均方误差,说明新估计量具有渐近无偏性,并在估计量均方误差最小时,得到了总体参数的渐近最优估计量和渐近最优估计量的方差。在模拟研究中,根据比率估计量的最优条件是否满足,本文生成了两种不同的总体,对比分析了新估计量和现有比率估计量的估计效果,结果表明在两种不同的情况下,新估计量的估计效果均优于现有估计量的估计效果。最后,本文利用一个实际例子,验证了新估计量的有效性和实用性。     

数字束流位置探测器通道自动增益校准方法的研究与实现

在现有硬件基础上,基于BPM测量准确度的需求,在自制的电子学FPGA芯片内,通过Verilog语言实现了一种数字BPM采样数据增益自动校准的设计。首先介绍了自动增益校准模块的系统总体设计;然后对模块的实现方法做了详细说明,设计并搭建了ADC数据自动增益校准测试平台以验证自动增益较准模块的功能;最后介绍了该设计在BPM通道标定中的应用。实验结果表明,该方法可以实现4通道增益一致,使ADC采样后的数据幅度相同,有效解决了由通道增益不一致引起的测量偏差,以及工程应用中ADC数据幅度校准工作量大且难于操作的问题,将在BPM系统通道自动标定中发挥重要作用。     

六方氮化硼薄膜对石墨烯-碳化硅结构近场热辐射的增强

六方氮化硼(hBN)具有跟石墨烯类似的层状结构和晶格参数,研究发现hBN薄膜具有良好的热传导、电绝缘、光学和力学等性能.本文从理论上研究了 hBN薄膜对石墨烯-碳化硅(G/S)结构的近场热辐射的影响.研究发现在红外频段,hBN薄膜在低频率区和高频率区会增强G/S结构的近场热辐射,经计算在G/S结构中加入厚度为10 nm...     

基于标准吸收池的吸收式激光雷达校准方法研究

吸收式激光雷达在大气环境探测领域中发挥着重要作用,其数据的准确性、复现性以及不同系统测量结果的可比性都直接影响到系统测量数据对环境治理工作的价值。基于气体分子对光波的差分吸收原理,设计了一体化吸收式激光雷达校准系统,采用与多种不同标准浓度气体对比的方法实现对雷达系统的精确校准。通过对雷达校准系统的核心部件——多程反射腔进行了仿真模拟,确定了系统中反射腔镜片的相关参数。最后利用甲烷气体对这一标定系统进行了测试。实验表明,该校准系统可以在一个大气压内实现对激光雷达的快速校准。     

超越SNOM探针通光孔径尺寸的金属纳米间隙超分辨测量

采用电磁场有限元方法,数值模拟了孔径型扫描近场光学显微镜(aperture Scanning Near-field Optical Microscopy,a-SNOM)在照明模式下的工作过程.针对金偶极天线结构,改变天线长度和纳米间隙尺寸,计算了a-SNOM探针孔径的远场辐射速率随探针端面中心坐标变化的扫描曲线,实现了超越a-SNOM探针通光孔径尺寸的天线金属纳米间隙的超分辨测量,对于100nm通光孔径的探针,可分辨最小尺寸为10nm(0.016倍波长)的金属间隙.通过对比金属和介质偶极天线的a-SNOM探针远场辐射速率测量的计算结果,表明天线金属纳米间隙的超分辨测量的实现是由于金属间隙表面等离激元的激发.     

检测超声换能器的校准与性能测量

检测超声换能器的性能是设计制造者和使用者都十分关心的问题。本文就超声换能器的几个主要整体性能——灵敏度、时间响应(传输函数)、空间响应(指向性和声场分布)以及等效电阻抗的测量与校准技术作了简要的综述。其中以灵敏度和时间响应的测量和校准为重点介绍了各种方法的原理和适用范围,并对其特点和局限性作了分析。     

Online charge calibration of LHAASO-WCDA——a study with the engineering array

LHAASO-WCDA is a large ground-based water Cherenkov detector array planned to be built at ShangriLa, Yunnan Province, China. As a major component of the LHAASO project, the main purpose of LHAASO-WCDA is to survey the northern sky for very-high-energy（above 100 GeV） gamma ray sources and measure the spectrum. To gain full knowledge of the water Cherenkov technique and to investigate the engineering issues, a 9-cell detector array has been built at the Yang-Ba-Jing site, neighboring the ARGO-YBJ experiment. With the array, charge calibration methods for both low and high ranges of the PMT readout are studied, whose result shows that a precision at several percentages can be reached, which can satisfy the requirement of the detector array. During the long term operation, the charge calibration stability and environmental afection are studied; in this paper, the results are discussed. These calibration methods are proposed to be applied in the future LHAASO-WCDA project.