Dynamic behaviour of axially moving nanobeams based on nonlocal elasticity approach

In this article, transverse free vibrations of axially moving nanobeams subjected to axial tension are studied based on nonlocal stress elasticity theory. A new higher-order differential equation of motion is derived from the variational principle with corresponding higher-order, non-classical boundary conditions. Two supporting conditions are investigated, i.e. simple supports and clamped supports. Effects of nonlocal nanoscale, dimensionless axial velocity, density and axial tension on natural frequencies are presented and discussed through numerical examples. It is found that these factors have great influence on the dynamic behaviour of an axially moving nanobeam. In particular, the nonlocal effect tends to induce higher vibration frequencies as compared to the results obtained from classical vibration theory. Analytical solutions for critical velocity of these nanobeams when the frequency vanishes are also derived and the influences of nonlocal nanoscale and axial tension on the critical velocity are discussed.     

基于卷积神经网络的钝体尾迹识别研究

针对相同特征长度不同钝体的尾迹结构相近,肉眼难于分辨的问题,提出了一种基于卷积神经网络的钝体尾迹识别方法,并在竖直肥皂膜水洞的典型钝体模型尾迹实验中获得高准确率验证.实验平台由自建竖直肥皂膜实验装置、钝体模型(方柱、圆柱和三角柱)及图像采集系统组成,可基于光学干涉法实现对不同速度下钝体肥皂膜尾迹的高清持续拍摄.所建立卷...     

用智能手机App Video Physics研究竖直平面内的圆周运动

本实验用智能手机App Video Physics追踪小球在竖直平面内做圆周运动的情况,研究了不同质量的小球从同一高度静止释放到达最低点的速度关系,研究了从不同高度静止释放小球的速度与运动轨迹之间的关系,计算了小球在圆形轨道上运动时的向心力、角速度,以及当小球与圆形轨道等高静止释放时小球的脱离点速度.     

中红外激光晶体Dy:PbGa2S4的生长与器件制备

镝掺杂硫镓铅(Dy:PbGa2S4,Dy:PGS)晶体是一种性能优良、具有潜在应用价值的中红外激光介质材料.为推动该晶体的实用化研究,迫切需要制备出大尺寸高品质Dy:PGS单晶.本研究采用自制的双温区管式炉成功合成Dy:PbGa2S4多晶,单次合成量达到230 g;首次采用竖直梯度冷凝法制备该晶体并成功生长出大尺寸高质量Dy:PbGa2S4单晶,尺寸达到φ27 mm×100 mm;通过切割和抛光等处理工艺,成功加工出Dy:PbGa2S4晶体器件,为下一步的激光应用研究打下了坚实基础.     

重力场致量子效应的首次成功观测

 量子力学指出,陷于任何势阱中的粒子,应处于束缚态并具有分立能级,在较低能级处会出现明显背离经典力学理论的量子化效应。重力作为常见力,很早就有人从理论上研究过它可能对粒子产生的量子化影响,并预言出陷于重力场势阱中的粒子各分立能级的大小。然而,与电磁力、核力相比,重力实在太小,其量子效应难于观测。但最近内斯维泽夫斯基(V.V.Nesvizhevsky)等在《自然》杂志(Na-ture415,297-299[17January2002])上发表报告,宣告首次观测到了重力场所导致的量子效应。     

小环径比托卡马克系统中的竖直位移不稳定性

研究在小环径比托卡马克系统中的竖直位移不稳定性，探讨了椭圆拉长与装置的环径比，磁面位形三角形变的关系，计算得出，在小环径比条件下，允许等离子体位形有较大的椭圆拉长，同时发，现，当环径比Ａ≤√２时，允许的椭圆拉长反面减小，对于给定的磁面函数，我们还推导出环径比和三角形变有一定的制约关系。     

利用点的坐标平移规律解题

<正>在学习平面直角坐标系的内容时,我们曾经学过点的坐标平移规律:将点(x,y)向右(或向左)平移a个单位长度,可以得到对应点(x+a,y)或(x-a,y);将点(x,y)向上(或向下)平移b个单位长度,可以得到对应点(x,y+b)或(x,y-b).当时限于所学的知识,对于这个规律的应用仅限于解决一类"已知平移前(后)点的坐标及平移的方向(水平方向或竖直方向)和距离求平移后(前)点的坐标"问题,其实这个看似简单的规律还有用场.     

TENSILE STRENGTH FOR SPLITTING FAILURE OF BRITTLE PARTICLES WITH CONSIDERATION OF POISSON＇S RATIO

The core mechanism of comminution could be reduced to the breakage of individual particles that occurs through contact with other particles or with the grinding media, or with the solid walls of the mill. When brittle particles are loaded in compression or by impact, substantial tensile stresses are induced within the particles. These tensile stresses are responsible for splitting failure of brittle particles. Since many engineering materials have Poisson‘s ratios very close to 0.3, the influence of Poisson‘s ratio on the tensile strength is neglected in many studies. In this paper, the state of stress in a spherical particle due to two diametrically opposed forces is analyzed theoretically. A simple equation for the tensile stress at the centre of the particle is obtained. It is found reasonable to propose this tensile stress at the instant of failure as the tensile strength of the particle. Moreover, this tensile strength is a function of the Poisson‘s ratio of the material. As the state of stress along the z-axis in an irregular specimen tends to be similar to that in a spherical particle compressed diametrically with the same force, this tensile strength has some validity for irregular particles as well. Therefore, it could be used as the tensile strength for brittle particles in general. The effect of Poisson‘s ratio on the tensile strength is discussed.     

弯脖线方程

<正>一、问题的提出弯脖,又称"歪脖"、"拐脖"或"直拐脖"等,在工农业生产及人民生活中有着广泛的应用,比如:在我国长江以北的广大地区,人们的生活、冬季取暖烧煤炉等所安装的烟囱无一不见弯脖的身影,见图1(d).