微观结构尺度对液滴润湿状态的影响

在分析表面微观特征对液滴润湿状态的影响时,尺度效应是无法绕过的前提条件和分析基础。本文以矩形微结构表面液滴为研究对象,通过数值模拟,得到了给定微结构表面液滴在不同液滴半径与矩形微结构宽度比例下的润湿状态。此外,本文还模拟得到了液滴完全浸润矩形微结构的临界接触角及其相对于微结构尺寸的变化规律。结果表明,液滴半径与微结构宽度比越小,液滴下气液界面开始浸润微结构时的临界接触角越大,无重力条件下表面液滴下气液界面的稳定性越差。若重力不可忽略,则液滴半径与微结构宽度比越大,重力的影响越大,表面液滴下气液界面的稳定性越差。     

大焦深内窥镜光学系统设计

医用内窥镜技术要求在大的物距范围内实现清晰成像,但其使用环境又对系统尺寸及镜片数目的要求非常严格,难以利用传统方法实现光学调焦。在传统的光学设计中,通常依靠减小相对孔径来增大系统焦深,往往会造成许多负面影响。介绍了一种电润湿型液体可变焦透镜,并在这一新型元件的基础上,设计了一种微型可调焦光学系统。该系统依靠外加电压控制液体透镜焦距做微小改变,从而校正由于物距变化产生的离焦,增大内系统的焦深,同时保证系统的微型结构。这一设计将使内窥镜的使用更加方便,有着广泛的应用前景。     

基于EWOD的微流控透镜变焦特性分析

随着光学技术的蓬勃发展,传统的固体光学器件难以满足日益增加的微型化、集成化、可调化的现代光学技术发展的需要,新兴的微流控光学器件则为这一需要提供了可能。基于介质上电润湿(EWOD)的液体变焦透镜就是一种微流控光学器件。介绍了该种透镜的几个基本结构和变焦原理,着重推导计算了外加电压与液体透镜曲率半径、焦距的变化关系,分析了其变焦特性,提出了相应消像差方案。     

先驱膜的连续法流体动力学模型

研究具有先驱膜的流体团扩散的模型. 流体团和先驱膜作为 一个整体用与组分序参数耦合的Navier-Stokes方程, CHW(Cahn, Hilliard, van der Waales)方程和GNBC(广义Navier边界条件)进行数值模拟和分析. 流体团在VW(van der Waals)分子长程力和表面张力以及黏性力的共同作用下开始扩散，纳米尺度厚的先驱膜在 VW力达到一定值时缓慢生成，它的长时间演变的剖面形状表现为与理论结果一致 的1/x次律. 膜的前沿------接触线随时间演变具有幂次律，这种对时间的依赖关 系也在实验结果(Leger, 1984)中得出. 分界面的相对拉伸对时间也具有幂次相似律，但幂次指数 比前者要稍微大一点.     

非离子表面活性剂Triton X-100溶液在不同生长期小麦叶片表面的润湿行为

选择不同生长期小麦叶片,利用座滴法研究了非离子表面活性剂Triton X-100在小麦叶片表面接触角,考察浓度对接触角、粘附张力、固-液界面张力及润湿状态的影响。研究表明,在低浓度下,表面活性剂分子在气-液界面吸附量(ΓLV)和固-液界面吸附量(Γ'SL)相似,但吸附量较少形成了不饱和吸附层,接触角保持不变,其润湿状态为Cassie-Baxter状态;当浓度进一步增加,液滴突破叶片表面三维立体结构中存在的钉扎效应,取代空气层而处于Wenzel状态,接触角陡降,同时Γ'SL/ΓLV远大于1;当浓度超过临界胶束浓度(CMC)时,表面活性剂分子在气-液界面和固-液界面形成饱和吸附层,并产生毛细管效应,使溶液在小麦叶片三维立体结构中产生半渗透过程,此时接触角保持不变。     

疏水性润湿梯度表面液滴脱离过程的实验研究

基于标准MEMS工艺设计并加工了一种具有微结构的疏水润湿梯度表面,通过光学可视化测试系统,采用高速图像采集装置和标准振动台研究了液滴与润湿梯度表面脱离过程中,形态、接触角、受力等参数的变化规律。结果表明:液滴在与疏水润湿梯度表面脱离过程中,将出现拉伸现象,处于相对疏水侧的边缘脱离速度要快于处于相对亲水侧。脱离过程中液滴高度、宽度和接触角变化可明显分为两个区域,两区域内液滴高度、宽度和左右两侧接触角变化呈现出显著不同。通过液滴与微结构顶部间受力分析发现,润湿梯度造成的液滴受力不均是导致液滴边缘脱离速度出现不对称的原因。     

基于图像分割和动态直方图均衡的电润湿显示器图像增强算法

针对电润湿电子纸存在油墨回流、接触角迟滞、电荷捕获等现象导致图像对比度不高、纹理边缘不清晰和细节丢失等问题,本文提出了一种基于图像分割和动态直方图均衡的电润湿显示器图像增强算法.该算法综合了最大类间方差法(Otsu法)和最大熵分割算法的优点,提出了基于方差权重的最大类间方差和最大熵阈值分割算法.利用该分割算法把图像分割...     

液体弹珠：制备策略、物理性质及应用探索

Liquid marbles (LMs) are liquid droplets coated with a layer of lyophobic particles at the air-liquid interface. Since the pioneering work by Aussillous et al. in 2001, LMs have attracted significant attention owing to their facile fabrication, flexibility in the choice of the constituent particles and liquids, intriguing properties such as non-wetting and non-adhesive nature, satisfactory elasticity and stability, as well as promising applications in microfluidics, sensors, controlled release, and microreactors. The classical strategy for the preparation of LMs involves rolling a small volume of a droplet on a lyophobic powder bed for complete encapsulation of the liquid by the particles. In addition, various innovative methods, including electrostatic and coalescent approaches, have been developed for preparing special LMs with a complicated structure or morphology. Diverse materials such as water, surfactant solutions, liquid metals, reagents, blood, and even viscous adhesives have been employed as the internal liquid for the fabrication of LMs. Theoretically, any particulates such as lycopodium, polytetrafluoroethylene, Fe₃O₄, SiO₂, and graphite grains can be employed as the outer coating, but they are usually required to be lyophobic with sizes of less than hundreds of microns. The unique structure of the particle-covered droplet and the dual solid-liquid characteristics endow LMs with some unique and interesting properties, especially the non-wetting and non-adhesive nature. As the lyophobic coating particles restrain the internal liquid from contacting the substrate, LMs can move easily across either solid or liquid surfaces, neither wetting the substrate nor contaminating the internal liquid. An equally fascinating property of LMs is their satisfactory stability, which is necessary for most of their applications. The high stability of LMs stems from the protection of the coating powders and is embodied in both good mechanical stability (remaining intact after being released from a certain height or under a certain compression) and long lifetime (greatly suppressing the evaporation of the internal liquid). These extraordinary properties make LMs promising candidates for use in multitudinous fields, especially droplet microfluidics and microreactors. The potential application of LMs in microfluidics is ascribed to their non-wetting, non-adhesive nature and other features such as an ability to float on a liquid surface, coalescence, split, a small force of rolling friction, and response to external forces. Notably, LMs hold great promise for applications in microreactions, because they can create a confined reaction microenvironment, minimize reagent usage, facilitate unhindered gas exchange between the internal liquid medium and the surrounding environment, and allow the entry/exit of the reactants/products. We herein review the recent advances in LMs, such as manufacturing techniques, formation mechanisms, physical properties, and emerging applications. In particular, much attention is paid to the factors affecting the stability of LMs and the potential strategies to increase their stability. Moreover, this review discusses the challenges in the future development of LMs, suggests several possible ways of addressing these challenges, and forecasts the future development directions. We believe that this review can help researchers gain a better understanding of LMs and promote their further advances.     

两种填料片表面润湿性能及其对CO2吸收传质的影响

为提高CO2吸收填料塔的传质效率,研究了填料片表面润湿性能变化对传质过程的影响．设计了一种能够进行CO2吸收的气液接触传质实验装置,并对两种具有不同液固接触角的平板进行了吸收传质对比实验,实验采用15wt％的MEA溶液为吸收剂,原料气CO2与空气比例为1：3．通过实验给出了润湿性能对吸收传质效率的影响．为进一步了解不同润湿条件下的流动和传质行为细节,建立了基于VOF方法的三维计算流体力学模型,模拟了与传质实验对应的不同液固接触角时液体降膜流动与传质行为,得到了不同润湿性能时的降膜流动速度分布及浓度分布图像,模拟结果与实验值吻合较好,定量解释了接触角变化导致液膜流动结构和吸收传质效果变化的原因．     

Fabrication of pillar-array superhydrophobic silicon surface and thermodynamic analysis on the wetting state transition

Textured silicon （Si） substrates decorated with regular microscale square pillar arrays of nearly the same side length, height, but different intervals are fabricated by inductively coupled plasma, and then silanized by self-assembly octadecyl- trichlorosilane （OTS） film. The systematic water contact angle （CA） measurements and micro/nanoscale hierarchical rough structure models are used to analyze the wetting behaviors of original and silanized textured Si substrates each as a function of pillar interval-to-width ratio. On the original textured Si substrate with hydrophilic pillars, the water droplet possesses a larger apparent CAs （〉 90~） and contact angle hysteresis （CAH）, induced by the hierarchical roughness of microscale pil- lar arrays and nanoscale pit-like roughness. However, the silanized textured substrate shows superhydrophobicity induced by the low free energy OTS overcoat and the hierarchical roughness of microscale pillar arrays, and nanoscale island-like roughness. The largest apparent CA on the superhydrophobic surface is 169.8~. In addition, the wetting transition of a gently deposited water droplet is observed on the original textured substrate with pillar interval-to-width ratio increasing. Furthermore, the wetting state transition is analyzed by thermodynamic approach with the consideration of the CAH effect. The results indicate that the wetting state changed from a Cassie state to a pseudo-Wenzel during the transition.