Effect of buoyancy-driven convection on steady state dendritic growth in a binary alloy

The effect of buoyancy-driven convection on the steady state dendritic growth in an undercooled binary alloy is studied. For the case of the moderate modified Grashof number, the uniformly valid asymptotic solution in the entire region of space is obtained by means of the matched asymptotic expansion method. The analytical results show that the buoyancy- driven convection has a significant effect on the needle-like interface of dendritic growth. Due to the buoyancy-driven convection, the needle-like interface shape of the crystal is changed. When the Peclet number that is not affected by the buoyant flow is less than a certain critical value, the interface shape of the dendrite becomes thinner as the Grashof number increases; when it is larger than the critical value, the interface shape becomes fatter as the Grashof number increases. In the undercooled binary alloy the morphology number plays an active role in the interface shape and leads to the buoyancy effect that is different from the situation for the pure melt. The smaller the morphology number is, the more significant change the interface shape has. As the Peclet number further increases, the effect of buoyancy on the interface diminishes eventually.     

利用“转换法”设计测量稀缺液体的密度计

利用"转换法"设计了可测量稀缺液体密度的密度计,效果较好.     

Steady thermocapillary-buoyant convection in a shallow annular pool. Part 1: Single layer fluid

This paper examines the steady thermocapillarybuoyant convection in a shallow annular pool subjected to a radial temperature gradient. A matched asymptotic theory is used to obtain the asymptotic solutions of the flow and thermal fields in the case of small aspect ratios,which is defined as the ratio of the layer thickness to the gap width. The flow domain is divided into the core region away from the cylinder walls and two end regions near each cylinder wall. Asymptotic solutions are obtained in the core region by solving the core and end flows separately and then joining them through matched asymptotic expansions. For the system of silicon melt,the asymptotic solutions are compared with the results of numerical simulations. It is found that the two kinds of solutions have a good agreement in the core region for a small aspect ratio. With the increase of aspect ratio,the applicability of the present asymptotic solutions decreases gradually.     

鸡蛋在水滴上的直立及水中的稳定平衡

蛋壳没有显著的接触变形,水洗干燥之后难以在坚硬光洁的平面上直立;但依赖两三颗细小盐粒或者水膜的辅助支承即可实现大端直立.蛋在液体中姿态与浮力有关,可在水中以小端直立.与刚体、浮体相同,潜体在重力、浮力和支承力作用下处于稳定平衡时势能达到极小值.     

YBCO高温超导块悬浮力性能研究

本文利用排布在液氮低温容器底部的多块超导块以测试其悬浮特性.结果表明:YBCO块材在永磁导轨上的悬浮力与二者间距的变化过程有关;不同的变化过程会在相同的悬浮间隙位置得到不同的悬浮力.这一研究结果对磁悬浮列车的优化设计有着重要的意义.     

封闭通道浮力对流下阵列光束热晕效应分析

研究了高功率激光在封闭通道传输时,空气吸收激光能量引发的浮力对流对热晕效应的影响。建立了浮力对流下热晕效应的物理模型,采用数值计算方法分析了热传导和对流传热这两种影响光束质量的因素,发现浮力对流对封闭通道内热晕效应有削弱作用,并且会造成光束质心漂移。研究了不同排布方式下阵列光束的远场光斑形状、光束质量和光斑质心漂移。结果表明,阵列光束间相互作用下的浮力对流更强,对热晕效应的削弱作用更强,不同排布方式下不同位置处光束的情况不同,通过选择合适的排布方式可以找到优化的光束质量和质心漂移。验证了利用轴向风可以抑制热晕效应的方法,结果表明浮力对流的存在会促进热晕效应的减弱,当轴向风逐渐增大时,热晕逐渐被抑制,浮力对流的影响逐渐消失。     

空气的浮力与不连续性对密立根油滴实验测量值影响的定量分析

密立根油滴实验通过测定带电油滴所带的电荷量来测定基本电荷的电荷量,并验证电荷的量子化效应.为了实验的方便,一些常用实验方法中将油滴所受空气浮力忽略,甚至忽略空气的不连续性对空气粘滞系数的影响,导致了测量结果的系统误差.基于静态法,定量讨论空气浮力及其不连续性对油滴电荷量测量结果的影响,发现忽略空气浮力所产生的相对误差不超过0.1%,而忽略空气的不连续性所产生的相对误差可以超过15%.因此,在实验中必须考虑空气的不连续性对空气的粘滞系数的影响,从而提高油滴带电荷量测量的精度.     

纸船能装载多少货物?

在初中物理"浮力"一章的教学过程中,为了激发学生学习物理的兴趣,提高学生科学探究的意识,培养学生的自学能力和实践动手能力,我们提前组织了一次造船比赛,收到了意想不到的效果,也使我们首次体会到创新真的能带来巨大的效益.