功能梯度变截面梁自由振动和稳定性研究

基于忽略了梁截面剪切变形和转动惯量效应的Euler-Bernoulli梁理论,研究了轴向力作用下轴向功能梯度变截面梁的横向自由振动问题,将轴向功能梯度Euler-Bernoulli梁自由振动固有频率和临界荷载的计算转化为变系数常微分方程特征值问题。运用插值矩阵法可一次性计算出轴向功能梯度变截面梁各阶振动固有频率和临界荷载,分析了轴向荷载对轴向功能梯度Euler-Bernoulli梁自由振动固有频率的影响,即轴向压力使梁的第1阶固有频率降低,轴向拉力使梁的第1阶固有频率增大。在简支-简支梁(H-H)边界条件下、不同截面宽锥度系数c_b和截面高锥度系数c_h,且区间划分点数n为40时,本文计算结果与已有文献计算结果之间的最大相对误差不超过0.00768%;在简支-简支梁(H-H)、固端-自由梁(C-F)、固端-固端梁(C-C)这三种不同边界条件下,不同c_b和c_h,且n为40时,最大相对误差不超过0.101%,说明了本文方法的有效性和良好的计算精度。     

风机塔筒结构横向振动特性的快速计算方法

本文提出了一种风机塔筒结构横向振动特性的快速计算方法．将机舱和叶片整体、连接法兰盘分别简化为集中质量,塔筒简化为非均匀悬臂梁,建立风机塔筒结构横向振动方程．给出了用假设模态法计算塔筒结构固有频率和模态函数的过程．通过与文献及有限元数值结果比较验证了方法的有效性．本文方法仅需给出结构的基本参数,如截面半径变化规律、法兰盘位置和质量、机舱及叶片质量,便可快速求解其频率和模态,无需建立其复杂的力学模型．     

低频高灵敏度光纤Bragg光栅振动传感器设计

为实现对低频振动信号的准确测量,设计了一种新型的双光纤光栅振动传感器.首先,理论分析了传感器的灵敏度和谐振频率.其次,使用ANSYS数值模拟软件分析了传感器的灵敏度和谐振特性.最后,根据分析结果设计了光纤Brgg光栅振动传感器,并通过实验研究了传感器的幅频特性、线性响应、温度自补偿特性和抗横向干扰特性.实验结果表明:传感器在10~130Hz范围内加速度灵敏度为231.48pm/g,线性度为99.98%;-20~60℃范围内,具有良好的温度自补偿能力;同时,该传感器具有较强抗横向干扰能力,横向引入误差小于3.47%.     

Toward one nanometer X-ray focusing: a complex refractive lens design

We report a design for one nanometer X-ray focusing by a complex refractive lens, which is capable of focusing 20 keV X-rays down to a lateral size of 0.92 nm （full-width at half-maximum （FWHM）） and an axial size of 98 nm （FWHM） with intensity gain of 49050. This complex refractive lens is comprised of a series of kinoform lenses, whose aperture is gradually matched to the converging trace of the X-ray beam so as to increase the numerical aperture （NA）. The theoretical principle of the proposed complex refractive lens is presented. The NAs of these lenses are calculated. The numerical simulation results demonstrate that the proposed design can focus the X-ray beam into sub-nanometer while remaining high gain.     

应力调制的自旋转矩临界电流

自旋转矩临界电流过大的问题长期以来一直为人们所关注.本文提出,可以通过引入面外应力即引入应力各向异性场来降低退磁场,从而降低自旋转矩的临界电流.本文采用四分量分布式自旋电路模型计算了横向自旋阀由注入端输运到探测端(自由层)的极化电流大小.利用Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert-Slonczewski方程数值研究了存在应力时,横向自旋阀中自旋转矩引起的自由层磁矩翻转的性质.结果表明,适当选择应力方向可使面外退磁场得到有效补偿,从而显著降低自旋转矩临界电流.另外,随着应力提高和退磁场的减小,磁矩翻转时间也大大减小.     

TRANSVERSE VIBRATION OF A HANGING NONUNIFORM NANOSCALE TUBE BASED ON NONLOCAL ELASTICITY THEORY WITH SURFACE EFFECTS

The aim of this paper is to study the free transverse vibration of a hanging nonuni- form nanoscale tube. The analysis procedure is based on nonlocal elasticity theory with surface effects. The nonlocal elasticity theory states that the stress at a point is a function of strains at all points in the continuum. This theory becomes significant for small-length scale objects such as micro- and nanostructures. The effects of nonlocality, surface energy and axial force on the natural frequencies of the nanotube are investigated. In this study, analytical solutions are formulated for a clamped-free Euler-Bernoulli beam to study the free vibration of nanoscale tubes.     

FREE TRANSVERSE VIBRATIONS OF A DOUBLE-WALLED CARBON NANOTUBE：GRADIENT AND INTERNAL INERTIA EFFECTS

This is a modest contribution on higher-order continuum theory for predicting size effects in small-scale objects. It relates to a preceding article of the journal by the same authors（AMSS, 2013, 26： 9-20） which considered the longitudinal dynamical analysis of a gradient elastic fiber but, in addition to an internal length, an internal time parameter is also introduced to model delay/acceleration effects associated with the underlying microstructure. In particular, the free transverse vibration of a double-walled carbon nanotube（DWNT） is studied by employing gradient elasticity with internal inertia. The inner and outer carbon nanotubes are modeled as two individual elastic beams interacting with each other through van der Waals（vdW） forces. General explicit expressions are derived for the natural frequencies and the associated inner-to-outer tube amplitude ratios for the case of simply supported DWNTs. The effects of internal length（or scale）and internal time（or inertia） on the vibration behavior are evaluated. The results indicate that the internal length and time parameters of the adopted strain gradient-internal inertia generalized elasticity model have little influence on the lower order coaxial and noncoaxial vibration modes,but a significant one on the higher order modes.     

静电聚焦同心球系统的成像电子光学 B章：近轴横向色差与几何横向球差

在A章基础上,进一步研究两电极静电聚焦同心球系统的轴上点电子光学横向像差。研究表明,对于成像电子光学系统,由光阴极发射的电子所形成的图像弥散,其轴上点的图像弥散由近轴横向色差与几何横向球差两部分组成,这证明了在静电聚焦同心球系统中,阴极透镜的二级近轴横向色差即Recknagel-Apцимович公式普遍成立。研究了宽电子束与细电子束之间轴上点横向像差之差异,最后讨论了两电极同心球系统向近贴聚焦系统过渡的特例。     

横向气膜作用下液体射流在近喷孔区域的破碎雾化特性

为了深入理解横向气膜作用下液体射流的破碎雾化特性,设计了一种以空气和水为模拟介质的针栓喷注单元,并通过两相流大涡模拟和背景光成像对大气环境下其近喷孔区域内的液体射流破碎过程和动态特性进行研究.通过大涡模拟液体射流的表面波主导破碎过程得到了针栓喷注单元近喷孔区域的喷雾场建立过程,亚声速气流离开狭缝后膨胀加速为超声速气流,经过液体射流上游的脱体弓形激波后减速增压.而在液体射流上下游之间的压差作用下,射流往下游发生弯曲的同时迎风面出现Rayleigh-Taylor (R-T)不稳定表面波;随着表面波的发展,气流穿透表面波的波谷位置导致连续射流发生断裂.正交分解(proper orthogonal decomposition,POD)方法可有效重构瞬时喷雾图像,POD模态表明近喷孔区域的低频和高频喷雾振荡分别由喷雾场的整体扩张/收缩过程和液块或者液雾团在迎风面的“撞击波”型运动引起,而后者的形态属于受连续液体射流断裂前的R-T不稳定表面波影响而产生的行波结构,其无量纲行波波长与韦伯数呈幂次律关系.     

一种新型光子晶体光纤的布里渊动态光栅传感

为了提高光纤横向压强传感器传感系数,降低温度对压强传感的影响,提出一种具有"三明治"结构的光子晶体光纤,并利用有限元法对其布里渊动态光栅传感特性进行数值模拟。研究了不同压强和温度条件下光子晶体光纤双折射频移的变化,分析了光子晶体光纤结构对其传感特性的影响,结果表明:设计的光子晶体光纤具有高传感精度,0～40℃下光子晶体光纤慢轴方向上双折射频移的压强传感系数约为692 MHz/MPa,光纤快轴方向上压强传感系数约为-404 MHz/MPa, 0～40 MPa下温度系数仅为0.18 MHz/℃;与利用普通保偏光子晶体光纤设计的传感系数为199 MHz/MPa的压强传感系统相比,灵敏度提高了493 MHz/MPa。设计的光子晶体光纤提高了横向压强传感器传感系数且不易受温度的影响,适用于高精度静水压强传感领域。