综合性设计性实验的教学思路探讨

介绍了北京科技大学近年来面向低年级本科生开设综合性设计性实验的教学思路.在实验项目的设置上,根据实验室条件重点考虑可操作性;在实验内容方面重点考虑渐进性,让学生力所能及;在教学方式上强调引导,激发学生的研究兴趣.     

Ab Initio Calculations of Differential Cross Sections for Single Charge Transfer in ^3He^2＋ ＋ ^4He Collisions

The single charge transfer process in ^3He^2＋ ＋ ^4He collisions is investigated using the quantum-mechanical molecular- orbital close-coupling method, in which the adiabatic potentials and radial couplings are calculated by using the ab initio multireference single- and double-excitation configuration interaction methods. The differential cross sections for the single charge transfer are presented at the laboratorial energies E = 6 keV and lOkeV for the projectile ^3He^2＋. Comparison with the existing data shows that the present results are better in agreement with the experimental measurements than other calculations in the dominant small angle scattering, which is attributed to the accurate calculations of the adiabatic potentials and the radial couplings.     

Suprathreshold Stochastic Resonance in a Single Comparator

Stochastic resonance usually appears when stimulus is too weak to overcome barriers in a nonlinear system. Unusually, we demonstrate that in a simple competitor as a prototype model, stochastic resonance can still occur when the stimulus is predominantly suprathreshold. This result provides new knowledge for understanding of mechanism underlying information process in biological systems and aIso finds appfications in signal processing.     

迈克尔逊——科学界的艺术家

 迈克尔逊干涉仪实验是高等院校普遍开设的一个近代物理实验，实验中所采用的迈克尔逊干涉仪是迈克尔逊为了研究“以太”漂移而设计和制造的精密光学仪器，主要用来测量光波波长、光源相干长度等各种微小量。而迈克尔逊-莫雷实验的结果意味着经典物理时空观的终结和全新的现代物理时空观的建立，今天人们重新认识该实验，对理解其优美的设计思想和精湛的实验技巧具有重要意义。     

Electronic Structure and Optical Properties of Semiconducting Orthorhombic BaSi2

Full potential linearized augmented plane wave （FPLAPW） method calculations are carried out for semiconducting orthorhombic BaSi2. The optical properties and the origin of the different optical transitions are investigated. Our calculated band gap of 1.0918eV is indirect, which is in good agreement with the experimental result. The bonds between Ba and Si are considered to be electrovalent bond. The anlsotropy in the imaginary part ε2（w） and real part εl（w） of the optical dielectric tensor are analysed. The contributions of various transition peaks are explained from the imagnary part of the dielectric function.     

Reduced-temperature ordering of FePt nanoparticle assembled films by Fe30Pt70/Fe3O4 core/shell structure

In this paper, Fe30Pt70/Fe3O4 core/shell nanoparticles were synthesized by chemical routine and the layered polyethylenimine （PEI）-Fe30Pt70/Fe3O4 structure was constructed by molecule-mediated self-assembly technique. The dimension of core/shell structured nanoparticles was that of 4nm core and 2 nm shell. After annealing under a flow of forming gas （50%Ar2＋30%H2） for 1 h at or above 400℃, the iron oxide shell was reduced to Fe and diffused to Pt-rieh core, which leaded to the formation of L1. phase FePt at low temperature. The x-ray diffraction results and magnetic properties measurement showed that the chemical ordering temperature of Fe30Pt70/Fe3O4 core/shell nanoparticles assembly can be reduced to as low as 400℃. The sample annealed at 400℃ showed the eoereivity of 4KOe with the applied field of 1.5T. The core/shell structure was suggested to be an effective way to reduce the ordering temperature obviously.[第一段]     

Information for Contributors

1 Chinese Journal of Acoustics is the publication of the Acoustical Society of China and The Institute of Acoustics,Academia Sinica,to promote the international understanding and collaboration in the field of acoustics.It publishes original works in all branches of acoustics in China.Contributions from invited guests and friends overseas are also solicited.     

新课程背景下的高中物理实验教学

物理学是一门以实验为基础的自学科学，物理实验是培养学生组织和操作实验能力、设计科学探究以及培养科学思维和创新能力的重要环节，因而新课程背景下的高中物理实验教学显得尤为重要。     

改进实验方法减小系统误差

电阻测量的设计性实验,不仅是实验教学的重点,也是近几年高考的热点．然而学生在做测量电阻和电流表内阻的实验时,由于受实验器材所限和实验方法不尽合理,造成了较大的系统误差．针对实际问题,本人对实验方法作了一些改进,可使实验既能顺利开展,还能减小系统误差．1半偏法测电流表的内阻教材中所采用的电路图如图1所示,图中R为变阻器,R′为电阻箱．实验方法及原理如下：合上开关S_1,断开S_2,调节R的阻值,使电流表指针偏转到满刻度；保持R不变,再合上开关S_2,调节电阻箱R′,使电流表指针偏转到正好是满刻度的一半,读出     

物理实验的引用和实验器材的使用

许多物理教材中,在引入某一个新概念时经常会举出几个甚至更多与此相关的生活、生产和科技实例,以此证明、烘托这个概念的正确性和重要性．这种教法对于学生接受并理解一个新概念有十分必要也十分有效,但在教学过程中,我发现仅用此法也容易使学生产生错觉和误解：这些事例、这些器材只能作此用途,从而不利于学生进行发散性思维和创造性思维．所以,应该尽可能利用学生熟悉的事物来认知未知的事物．为此,我在教学过程中作了一些尝试和比较．