Combined Effect of Surface Tension, Gravity and van der Waals Force Induced by a Non-Contact Probe Tip on the Shape of Liquid Surface

Aiming at understanding how a liquid film on a substrate affects the atomic force microscopic image in experiments, we present an analytical representation of the shape of liquid surface under van der Waals interactionin duced by a non-contact probe tip. The analytical expression shows good consistence with the corresponding numerical results. According to the expression, we find that the vertical scale of the liquid dome is mainly gov-rned by a combination of van der Waals force, surface tension and probe tip radius, and is weekly related to gravity. However, its horizontal extension is determined by the capillary length.     

稀土磷酸盐(CePO4)对ZTA陶瓷加工性能的影响

根据稀土磷酸盐与氧化物易形成弱结合晶界面的特性, 在氧化镐增韧氧化铝(ZTA)陶瓷中引入CePO4, 经适当的工艺处理和优化,改变显微结构, 使ZTA/CePO4陶瓷为可用WC基合金刀具加工的可加工陶瓷,并且强度接近ZTA陶瓷.     

Fe—15Cr—4Al—Y合金中的Y—Fe相及其作用

在含０．２％－１．４％Ｙ的Ｆｅ－１５Ｃｒ－４Ａｌ－Ｙ合金中，１－１０μｍ的Ｙ－Ｆｅ相质点弥散分布，其硬度高于ａ相的２倍，组成可用Ｙ２（Ｆｅ７６Ｃｒ１２Ａｌ１１Ｓｉ）１７表示。Ｙ－Ｆｅ相强烈俘获ａ相中的碳原子，使合金在固溶处理状态下的Ｓｎｏｅｋ内耗峰消失，在７００℃下析出碳化物。Ｙ－Ｆｅ相南点通过阻止闰长大而抑制合金的高温脆化，通过俘获碳原子而延缓４７５℃脆性发展。此外，它们还有提高热强性和抗氧化性     

粉煤灰基质多孔吸附材料显微结构及性能研究

本文研究了加入粘结剂制成折粉煤灰基质多孔吸附材料的显微结构，将它与原灰结构作比较，并进一步研究了加入粘结剂再加入外掺剂材料的显微结构。从理论上阐述了提高粉煤灰基质多孔吸附材料吸附、脱色性能的机理。     

NiO对镁铝尖晶石反应烧结性能的影响

本文以高纯电熔镁砂和煅烧活性氧化铝粉为原料,以氧化亚镍(NiO)为添加剂,通过传统固相烧结法制备镁铝尖晶石材料。将MgO和Al₂O₃粉按理论摩尔比1∶1进行配料,在体系中分别引入质量分数为0%、0.5%、1.0%、1.5%、2.0%的NiO。利用X射线衍射(XRD)仪、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和能谱仪(EDS)对烧结后试样进行分析,研究了NiO的添加对MgAl₂O₄材料烧结性能、物相组成及显微结构的影响。结果表明:引入适量的NiO可以显著促进MgAl₂O₄相的形成以及晶粒的发育长大;在1 600 ℃时,当NiO含量低于1.5%时,NiO能完全溶入MgAl₂O₄晶格并优先取代Al³⁺,提高了MgAl₂O₄晶体内部的缺陷浓度,活化了晶格,从而促进MgAl₂O₄的烧结。当NiO含量高于1.5%时,其内部开始出现较多第二相NiO,阻碍了物质的迁移和传输,反而不利于MgAl₂O₄烧结性能的提高。     

Cu/SiO2纳米气凝胶的组成及催化氧化CO性能研究

以硝酸铜、 正硅酸乙酯和硝酸铈为原料, 利用溶胶-凝胶-超临界流体干燥技术制备了不同n(Cu)/n(Si)的用于CO催化氧化的Cu/SiO2系列气凝胶催化剂. 利用TEM、 XRD、 物理吸附、 微型反应器和气相色谱等对试样进行了表征. TEM观察结果显示, 试样中含有介孔的气凝胶结构, 5 nm左右的Cu粒子均匀地分布在SiO2的网络组织中. BET分析结果表明, 试样的比表面积均在140 m2/g以上. XRD分析结果显示, 添加铈前后, 试样的物相发生了从Cu 2+ →Cu+ →Cu的转变, 使试样的催化活性进一步提高. 试样的催化氧化CO活性表明, 组分中铜含量的不同及铜的不同物种直接影响试样的催化氧化CO的活性, 当组分中n(Cu)/n(Si)=2时, Cu/SiO2试样上CO完全氧化的温度降为210 ℃; 于400 ℃低温焙烧, 可使试样中有效活性组分全部转变成纳米晶CuO, 并进一步降低了CO完全转变成CO2的温度; 添加少量铈组分, 使试样催化氧化CO的tstart, t50及t90温度提前20 ℃以上, Cu/SiO2试样催化氧化CO动力学研究结果显示, 试样降低CO氧化温度的实质是降低了CO氧化的反应活化能.     

Nd2O3掺杂(BaSr)TiO3对陶瓷结构和性能的影响

采用常规固相反应法,以Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 10%MgO(BSTO)体系为基体成分,研究了Nd2O3掺杂对其显微组织结构和介电性能的影响规律,结果表明掺杂Nd2O3后,抑制了BSTO晶粒的生长;随着Nd2O3掺杂量的增加,陶瓷的晶粒尺寸变小,密度增大,材料的居里温度向负温度方向移动,并且展宽了介电峰,使材料的温度稳定性提高,此外,随着Nd2O3掺杂量的增加,材料的可调性减小,介电常数减小。     

Formation of surface-attached microstructured polyelectrolyte brushes

Surface-attached micropattemed polyelectrolyte brushes on planar solid surfaces are generated using free radical polymerization photo-initiated by self-assembled initiator monolayers. It is shown that the formed patterns can be either negative or positive with different patterning processes.     

CHARACTERISTICS OF STRESS-INDUCED TRANSFORMATION AND MICROSTRUCTURE EVOLUTION IN Cu-BASED SMA

The mechanical behavior of shape memory alloys （SMAs） is closely related to the formation and evolution of its microstructures. Through theoretical analysis and experimental observations, it was found that the stress-induced martensitic transformation process of single crystal Cu-based SMA under uniaxial tension condition consisted of three periods： nucleation, mixed nucleation and growth, and merging due to growth. During the nucleation, the stress dropped rapidly and the number of interfaces increased very fast while the phase fraction increased slowly. In the second period, both the stress and the interface number changed slightly but the phase fraction increased dramatically. Finally, the stress and the phase fraction changed slowly while the number of interfaces decreased quickly. Moreover, it was found that the transformation could be of multi-stage： sharp stress drops at several strains and correspondingly, the nucleation and growth process occurred quasi-independently in several parts of the sample.