大气中阻塞形成的一个理论

本文提出了偶极子阻塞形成的一个新理论。文中首先使用多重尺度方法研究了基本气流具有弱切变的非线性正压Rossby波,得到了它的波包满足非线性Schr-dinger方程。指出:当Rossby波的波数满足k~2/3相似文献   

大尺度大气运动方程组解的一些性质——定常外源强迫下的非线性适应

本文从大尺度大气运动方程组出发,讨论了定常外源强迫下大气系统的长期行为。建立了基本的泛函空间和算子方程,证明了解的存在唯一性定理,在此基础上讨论了整体吸收集以及其中的不变点集的存在性。揭示了系统向外源的非线性适应过程。     

成都经济生态区大气降尘中镉赋存形态的研究

采用Tessier连续提取法对成都经济生态区不同区域的24个大气降尘样中镉的赋存形态进行了研究。研究结果表明,大气降尘中的镉主要以残留态形态存在;各形态镉在总镉中所占百分比含量由大到小排列顺序依次是:残留态,碳酸盐结合态,交换态,铁锰结合态,有机结合态;交换态镉、碳酸盐结合态镉这两种具有较高生物有效性的形态镉在总镉中所占的平均百分比含量分别是6.420%和8.917%;铁锰氧化物结合态、有机结合态、残留态镉这三种形态镉生物有效性很低,分别在总镉中所占的平均百分比含量分别是3.419%、2.365%和78.907%。通过分析可得出,汽油和煤的燃烧以及工厂排放镉能加大城市大气降尘的镉污染。     

中国内陆大气颗粒物的搬运、沉积及反映的气候变化——Ⅰ.现代大气气溶胶

分析了中国内陆3个地点尘暴和非尘暴期间大气颗粒物中17种微量元素的浓度-粒度分布。表明这些地点的大气颗粒物主要由矿物气溶胶(即粉尘)组成。对黄土高原上空非尘暴大气微量元素的统计分析,导出粗粒子主要有两种来源——土壤粉尘和被污染的粉尘,细粒子的两种来源是土壤粉尘和人为污染物。在年尺度上,粉尘对黄土高原的大气干输入主要取决于非尘暴过程。利用清除系数估算的粉尘湿沉积通量只占总沉积的4％—11％。     

臭氧催化分解异相反应新机理

极地云表面上的异相反应在春季南极臭氧空洞形成中起关键作用。本文主要介绍了极地云表面上异相反应两个机理 ,其中的新机理同样适用于另外一些凝聚相和表面体系中的异相反应。     

用于测量亚硝酸的长光程吸收光谱仪的研制

This article has been retracted at the request of the authors.     

用透射电镜和火焰原子吸收法分析大气总悬浮颗粒物

以大气总悬浮颗粒物为主要研究对象,用透射电镜观察其形貌,污染特征明显;用火焰原子吸收法测定其水溶性常规元素K、Na、Ca和Mg。K、Na、Ca和Mg的检出限分别为0.105、0.124、0.259和0.237mg/kg,线性相关系数不低于0.9979,加标回收率为90.0%～95.0%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.6%～2.1%(n=6)。     

大气痕量气体NO_2的研究

为了测量大气中NO_2的含量,我们研制了自动太阳光谱光度仪。在地面遥感测量太阳直射光谱的4470—4490波段,从辐射传输方程及极大相似法,导出了大气中NO_2的含量。而大气中NO_2的浓度,在北京郊区测量了数月。本文对测量结果进行了讨论。     

通过脱碳控制全球平均温度

Establishing a reliable method to predict the global mean temperature (T_e) is of great importance because CO₂ reduction activities require political and global cooperation and significant financial resources. The current climate models all seem to predict that the earth's temperature will continue to increase, mainly based on the assumption that CO₂ emissions cannot be lowered significantly in the foreseeable future. Given the earth's multifactor climate system, attributing atmospheric CO₂ as the only cause for the observed temperature anomaly is most likely an oversimplification; the presence of water (H₂O) in the atmosphere should at least be considered. As such, T_e is determined by atmospheric water content controlled by solar activity, along with anthropogenic CO₂ activities. It is possible that the anthropogenic CO₂ activities can be reduced in the future. Based on temperature measurements and thermodynamic data, a new model for predicting T_e has been developed. Using this model, past, current, and future CO₂ and H₂O data can be analyzed and the associated T_e calculated. This new, esoteric approach is more accurate than various other models, but has not been reported in the open literature. According to this model, by 2050, T_e may increase to 15.5 ℃ under "business-as-usual" emissions. By applying a reasonable green technology activity scenario, T_e may be reduced to approximately 14.2 ℃. To achieve CO₂ reductions, the scenario described herein predicts a CO₂ reduction potential of 513 gigatons in 30 years. This proposed scenario includes various CO₂ reduction activities, carbon capturing technology, mineralization, and bio-char production; the most important CO₂ reductions by 2050 are expected to be achieved mainly in the electricity, agriculture, and transportation sectors. Other more aggressive and plausible drawdown scenarios have been analyzed as well, yielding CO₂ reduction potentials of 1051 and 1747 gigatons, respectively, in 30 years, but they may reduce global food production. It is emphasized that the causes and predictions of the global warming trend should be regarded as open scientific questions because several details concerning the physical processes associated with global warming remain uncertain. For example, the role of solar activities coupled with Milankovitch cycles are not yet fully understood. In addition, other factors, such as ocean CO₂ uptake and volcanic activity, may not be negligible.     

北京地区大气颗粒物中不同功能区多环芳烃的分布特征

用撞击式分级采样器同步采集了北京市城乡结合部、郊区的2003年四个季节的不同粒径大气颗粒物样品,用气相色谱-质谱分析了其中的多环芳烃。两个功能区的PAHs总质量浓度分布趋势均为：冬季>秋季>春季>夏季；不同环数PAHs在不同粒径颗粒物中的分配比例比较显示，粗颗粒物中2 环或3环PAHs的分配比例比其在高环PAHs的比例要大。