第二届物理奖简介

 第二届“胡刚复、饶毓泰、叶企孙、吴有训物理奖”评审结果,共有4个项目7名同志光荣获奖.他们是:一 胡刚复物理奖(实验技术)获奖项目:高功率激光物理实验技术的发展获奖人:林尊琪主要贡献:在激光等离子体相互作用和球靶内爆动力学基础研究方面做了大量实验物理技术发展工作,包括:成功建立了国内适用于激光等离子体基础研究的七项先进配套诊断系统,其中多分幅X光背景照明诊断设备是国际首创,为相关联地研究激光内爆球靶两维动力学过程提供了重要技术基础.     

对称半导体光放大器马赫—曾德尔干涉仪解复用器的开关特性分析

分析以以半导体光放大器（SOA）为基础的对称马赫－曾德尔干涉仪（MZI）解复用器在控制脉冲和信号脉冲反向传播（CPMZ）与同向传播（TPMZ）两种工作模式下的开关特性。研究表明：控制脉冲宽度、半导体光放大器的长度和非线性增益压缩影响着控制脉冲和信号脉冲反向传播开关窗口的大小，是限制控制脉冲和信号脉冲反向传播高速工作的主要因素。当控制脉冲宽度小于半导体光放大器的渡越时间时，如时延量小于于两位的半导体光放大器渡越时间，控制脉冲和信号脉冲以向传播的峰值开关比开始恶化；当控制脉冲宽度超过半导体光放大器的渡越时间时，即使时延量大于两倍的半导体光放大器滤越时间，峰值开关比也出现恶化。因此当控制脉冲和信号脉冲反向传播高速工作时，控制脉冲应尽可能窄，且时延量必须大于两倍的半导体光放大器渡越时间以确保有较高的峰值开关比，而半导体光放大器长度效应对控制脉冲和信号脉冲同向传播的影响甚微。     

玻璃波导光功分器的研制

本文报道了Na^ —Tl^ 离子交换的K9玻璃衬底光功分器（工作波长为1.55μm），分析设计和器件的制作，并对制作的器件进行了模式损耗测试。结果表明，器件达到了预定的要求。     

顶部籽晶法生长磁光晶体硼酸铁

本文首次采用顶部籽晶泡生法在敞开体系中生长了出了磁光晶体硼酸铁单晶。选用Ｂ２Ｏ３作自助溶剂，ＬｉＦ作稀释剂，确定了原料配方。对长出的晶体作了初步的物化性能测试。讨论了晶体生长的结果。     

High-Density Read-Only Memory Disc with Ag11In12Sb51Te26 Super-Resolution Mask Layer

A novel read-only memory (ROM) disc with an Ag11ln12Sb51Te26 super-resolution mask layer is proposed and investigated for the first time to our knowledge. The carrier-to-noise ratio of more than 40 dB could be obtained from small pits (380nm), which are below the readout resolution limit (400nm), in our dynamic setup with a wavelength of 632.8 nm and numerical aperture of 0.40. Dependences of carrier-to-noise ratio on readout power,readout velocity and film thickness are studied. The results show that the optimum film thickness is 20-50nm and the corresponding carrier-to-noise ratio is more than 40dB at readout power of 4mW and readout velocity of 2m/s in our experiment. The super-resolution readout mechanism for this ROM disc is also discussed.     

增透膜的原理及常见问题的解答

增透膜也称减反膜，即能够减少反射光，增加透射光的薄膜．笔者在此简单分析一下光学镜头中所用的增透膜．     

Fast Optical Switching Using Oriented Cyanine Dye-Doped Nematic Liquid Crystal

A cyanine dye, 2-[7-（1,3-dihydro-1,3,3-trimethyl-2H-indol-2-ylidene）-1,3,5-heptatrienyl]-1,3,3-trimethyl-3H-indolium iodide （NK-125）, is doped in 4-cyano-4＇-pentylbiphenyl （5 CB）, and the mixture is sandwiched between two pieces of rubbed glass plates. The third-order nonlinear optical properties of the oriented NK-125-SCB layers are measured by the resonant femtosecond degenerate four-wave mixing （DFWM） technique at 760 nm. The third-order nonlinear optical susceptibility of one of the present samples is 5.5×10^-8 esu. The slow DFWM response of the NK-125-SCB layers due to a population grating is accelerated by the increasing laser power because of amplified spontaneous emission （ASE）. On the other hand, we do not observe a similar phenomenon for NK-125- polyethylene glycol （PEG-400）. Oriented NK-125 molecules in nematic liquid crystals must have very high ASE efficiency. Hence the population grating in a DFWM signal disappears within about 4 ps. It is expected that NK-125-SCB can be used as a material for very fast all-optical switching.     

A Novel Analytical Approach for Multi-Layer Diaphragm-Based Optical Microelectromechanical-System Pressure Sensors

An optical microelectromechanical-system （MEMS） pressure sensor based on multi-layer circular diaphragm is described and analysed by using the proposed novel analytical approach and the traditional transfer matrix method. The analytical expressions of the deflection of multi-layer diaphragm and absolute optical reflectance are derived respectively. The influence of residual stress on the deflection of diaphragm is also analysed. Simulation results given by the finite element method are consistent with the ones which are analysed by using the analytical approach. The analytical approach will be helpful to design and fabricate the optical MEMS pressure sensors with multi-layer diaphragm based on Fabry-Perot interferometry.     

傅里叶变换红外光谱仪遥测污染云团的吸收光谱算法

遥感傅里叶变换红外光谱技术因其具有对污染源作无干扰监测、多组分的同时连续测定、区域性或大范围地区的测量等优点,因而已广泛的应用于遥感测量技术。利用傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱仪远距离探测目标,根据探测的目标源是否充满光谱仪的视场,建立了三种辐射模型。在所建立模型的基础上,选用了D&P公司生产的便携式Model-101型傅里叶变换红外光谱仪,实时探测目标云团和背景,运用差谱法和发射光谱法对探测结果进行了光谱分析,进而得到了扣除背景影响后的目标云团吸收光谱。给出了相应的仿真实验结果示例。实验结果表明,由差谱法得到的结果准确度较好。