基于互逆光纤色散的微波光子雷达系统设计和实现

提出一种基于互逆光纤色散的微波光子雷达系统设计方案,既可以产生宽带线性调频信号,又可以实现线性调频信号的光域脉冲压缩.在发射端利用互逆色散光纤产生线性调频信号.在接收端,雷达回波信号通过马赫-曾德调制器调制到预啁啾的光信号上,然后经过色散光纤的进一步色散.最终在探测器端可以得到目标回波信号脉冲压缩后的结果.该方案无需脉冲压缩过程中数字化和离线处理,且具有脉冲压缩比的调谐作用.理论、数值仿真和实验证明了该设计方案能有效进行线性调频信号的光域脉冲压缩.实验产生了C波段下时宽1.2ns,带宽3.2GHz的线性调频信号,并通过互逆色散光纤将该信号压缩到了0.09ns,脉冲压缩比达13.3.     

应用于一体化摄像机的自动聚焦搜索算法研究

一体化摄像机的自动聚焦过程就是镜头按照自动聚焦搜索算法寻找图像清晰度评价函数最大值的过程,自动聚焦搜索算法对自动聚焦过程的实时性和准确率影响很大。为了解决现有算法在光源场景和无细节场景下聚焦失败的问题,提出了一种基于场景预测的聚焦搜索算法,该算法对成像场景进行智能分析、判断并分类,在不同的场景下采用不同的搜索策略,提高了自动聚焦搜索的稳定性和准确率。同时,针对现有算法在散焦区判断聚焦曲线峰值方向困难的问题,引入模糊度评价模型,该模型能够准确判断聚焦曲线峰值方向,分析实验数据发现,新的算法在散焦区的聚焦速度提升了24.3%。实验证明,新的算法在基于海思Hi3518A处理器搭建的一体化摄像机成像系统中具有很高的应用价值。     

Signal processing for high speed underwater acoustic transmission of image

A signal processing method for high-speed underwater acoustic transmission of image is presented. It has two parts. Part 1 introduces signal processing for underwater acoustic coherent communication. Part 1 includes 3 technical points. （1） Doppler shift compensation. Chirp signals are inserted between data packages. A correlation process between two copy correlation functions gives more accurate estimation of the mean Doppler shift. Then it could be compensated by resampling the data. In adaptive decision feedback equalizer （DFE） an adaptive phase compensator with fast self-optimized least mean square （FOLMS） adaptation algorithm is utilized resulting in better motion tolerance than compensators with 2nd order Phase-Lock Loop algorithm. The performance of the combination of mean Doppler shift compensation and adaptive phase compensator is quite good. （2） A diversity combiner （DC） used in advance of equalizer. Both combiner and adaptive DFE are based on FOLMS adaptation algorithm. This results in reduced computation complexity and better performance. （3） Cascaded equalizer and Turbo-Trellis Coded Modulation （TCM） decoder and the iteration algorithm. A new bitsymbol converter based on Soft Output Viterbi Algorithm （SOVA） is studied. Comparing with the traditional decision, coding and mapping algorithm, the new converter can reduce Bit Error Rate（BER） by nearly 2 orders. Part 2 is mainly around a robust image compression algorithm. Based on Discrete wavelet transform and fixed length coding, a robust compression algorithm for acoustic image is studied. The algorithm includes 4 technical points. （1） Utilizes CDF9/7 wavelet bases to transform the images. （2） Analyses the energy distribution of subband coefficients. Suitable transformation layer number is 3. （3） Applies different quantization steps to different subbands in accordance with their energy distribution. （4） Uses fixed length coding to prevent error propagation. The results show the algorithm achieves a balance among image quality, compression rate, and most important, robustness to BER. The compressed bit rate of gray scale acoustic image is 0.85 bit/pixel. Image quality remains good when BER is lower than 10^-3. There are some small dirty points when BER rises to 10^-2. Based on the signal processing techniques above mentioned, an underwater acoustic commumcation system is built. Its operational frequency band is （7.5-12.5） kHz. Its receiving array is an 8 elements uniform linear array. QPSK and 8PSK modulation and iteration algorithm for cascaded equalizer and 1-Turbo-TCM decoder based on hard SOVA are used. The system has been tested in Qiandao Lake. Low BER is achieved in 5.5 km range when data rate is 10 kbps. One gray scale image can be transmitted in 7 s. The product of its communication distance and data rate is 55 km kbps.     

基于傅里叶变换的光纤法布里-珀罗传感器解调研究

从双光束干涉的基本原理出发,分析了高斯分布光源条件下利用傅里叶变换解调光纤法布里-珀罗传感器的原理。针对高斯分布光源特点,提出直接对波长均匀采样得到的光谱数据进行快速傅里叶变换,然后利用传感器腔长与频域中峰值频率之间的关系求解传感器腔长的可行性。在此基础上,采用频谱插值技术提高了系统解调精度,并利用宽带光源和光谱仪等组成的解调系统,对所提出的方法进行了实验验证。结果表明,从实验中测得的数据与理论计算值能较好地吻合。     

一种基于高分辨力遥感器的星上数据压缩方法

随着航天技术的发展,遥感器星上数据压缩变得越来越重要。提出了一种基于小波变换的压缩编码方法。首先对遥感图像进行双正交小波变换;然后在分析SPIHT、矢量量化、分形三种具有代表性的编码方法的基础上,提出了“带固定零区间的标量量化+改进游程编码”的编码方法;最后进行了试验。此方法具有以下特点:图像重构后具有较高的PSNR(40dB);算法简单,易于硬件的实现,实时性好;压缩比约为5∶1,但仍有提升的空间。此方法可满足高分辨力遥感图像对测量精度和实时性的要求,压缩比虽然未达到8∶1,但高于法国SPOT5的3∶1和美国Ikonos_2的11∶2.6。     

SIMULINK仿真技术在《数字信号处理》教学中的应用与实践

为了克服《数字信号处理》课程公式繁杂、理论性强的难点,结合教学实践,将SIMULINK仿真技术引入到实际的课堂教学中,它将课程抽象理论以视觉、听觉两种形式直观展示,让学生在丰富的直觉认识基础上理解抽象原理,并对传统理论教学起到很好的推动作用.引导学生以工程应用的视角学习《数字信号处理》课程,潜移默化地培养学生工程素养.在激发学生学习主动性和积极性的同时,有效地提高了课堂教学质量.     

基于马赫-泽德干涉具的激光光谱探测技术研究

实时、可靠地探测敌方来袭激光的类型和特征参数是激光告警的主要任务。相干探测技术依靠激光的相干性探测其信息,是较有效的探测技术之一。为了探测来袭激光光谱信息,设计了一种激光探测与光谱实时测量装置。该装置以相干探测技术和傅里叶光学与光信号处理为基础,使用实心小型静态马赫-泽德干涉具作为相干探测元件,它能有效地抑制背景光,无机械扫描部件,光谱检测速度快,可探测纳秒级窄脉冲激光信号;用高速DSP芯片和多通道帧减技术进行实时信息处理,实现背景噪声去除、激光探测和光谱测量。测试结果表明,运用马赫-泽德干涉具和多通道帧减技术,能实现脉冲激光探测,提高测量精度;可探测激光脉冲宽度为10 ns,波长测量误差小于10 nm。     

通信声学的发展及研究现状

人类作为信息交流的主要信息产生源和信息接收槽,语言声学、心理声学和生理声学在信息技术中发挥着越来越重要的作用。作为声学与信息技术相互渗透的产物-通信声学,近十几年来随着数字信号处理技术的发展,其研究和应用领域得到了很大的扩展。本文在简述通信声学产生和发展的必然性和必要性之后,主要介绍了通信声学目前的研究领域及其应用。     

声纳中具方向性宽带强干扰的实时抑制方法

声纳中具方向性的宽带强干扰严重影响远处舰船的检测。本文针对此问题,提出一种能实时抑制此类干扰的方法,它以保证干扰方向输出功率最小为约束条件,本文还研究了此方法对目标信号的性能影响情况。最后,通过对海试数据的处理,证明此方法在实践中比较有效。     

Theory and signal processing of acoustic correlation techniques for current velocity measurement

A theoretical model and signal processing of acoustic correlation measurements to estimate current velocity are discussed. The sonar space-time correlation function of volume reverberations within Fraunhofer zone is derived. The function, which is in exponential forms, is the theoretical model of acoustic correlation measurements. The characteristics of the correlation values around the maximum of the amplitude of the correlation function, where most information about current velocity is contained, are primarily analyzed. Localized Least Mean Squares （LLMS） criterion is put forward for velocity estimation. Sequential Quadratic Programming （SQP） method is adopted as the optimization method. So the systematic signal processing method of acoustic correlation techniques for current velocity measurement is established. A prototype acoustic correlation current profiler （ACCP） underwent several sea trials, the results show that theoretical model approximately coincides with experimental re- sults. Current profiles including the speed and direction from ACCP are compared with those from acoustic Doppler current profiler （ADCP）. The current profiles by both instruments agree reasonably well. Also, the standard deviation of velocity measurement by ACCP is statistically calculated and it is a little larger than predicted value.