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91.
First-principles, all-electron, \textit{ab initio} calculations
have been performed to construct an equivalent water potential
for the electronic structure of serine (Ser) in solution. The
calculation is composed of three steps. The first step is to search
for the configuration of the Ser + NH2O system with a minimum
energy. The second step is to calculate the electronic structure of
Ser with the water molecule potential via the self-consistent
cluster-embedding method (SCCE), based on the result obtained in the
first step. The last step is to calculate the electronic structure
of Ser with the dipole potential after replacing the water molecules
with dipoles. The results show that the occupied states of Ser are
raised by about 0.017~Ry on average due to the effect of water. The
water effect can be successfully simulated by using the dipole potential.
The obtained equivalent potential can be applied directly to the
electronic structure calculation of protein in solution by using the
SCCE method. 相似文献
92.
Resolution and penetration are primary criteria for image quality of diagnostic ultrasound. In theory (and usually in practice), the maximum depth of imaging in a tissue increases as power (pressure) is increased. Alternatively, at a particular effective penetration, an increased power may be used to allow a higher ultrasound frequency for higher resolution and tissue contrast. Recently, Karagoz and Kartal [29] proposed a safety parameter for thermal bioeffects of diagnostic ultrasound; that is, SUT (safe use time). The SUT model is constructed to determine how long one piece of tissue can be insonated safely according to a threshold exposure. Also, Karagoz and Kartal [29] suggested that an increase in acoustic intensity beyond the current US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) limit of intensity can be theoretically possible by using SUT model while staying within the safe limit. The present study was motivated particularly by the goals of higher resolution and/or deeper penetration by using SUT model. The results presented here suggest that the safe use of higher exposure levels than currently allowed by the FDA may be possible for obtaining substantial improvements in penetration depth and/or resolution. Also, the study reveals that image quality can be functionally related to exposure time in addition to acoustic energy and frequency. 相似文献
93.
94.
95.
Using Hefei Synchrotron radiation as X-ray source and photoresist PMMA as recording medium, soft X-ray contact microscopic imaging experiment on hydrated leaf epidermal cells of a kind of dicotyledon is performed and its latent image is read out by a light microscope. Several main factors degrading the resolution of the image are discussed in detail. 相似文献
96.
强流加速器水介质形成线放电或击穿形成的冲击波对陶瓷真空界面具有破坏作用。为获得该冲击载荷的信息,应用通用软件ANSYS/LS-DYNA建立了一种水下爆炸有限元模型,将电弧放电等效为爆炸源,模拟得到了冲击波传播时序、压力历史曲线及陶瓷板的加速度响应;为验证模型的有效性,应用"针-板"电极水开关在输出电脉冲40~50 ns、幅值100~300 kV可调的10级陡化前沿Marx发生器上开展了电水锤缩比实验研究。实测了不同击穿电压下冲击波峰压、波速和主脉冲宽度,并依据经验公式计算了放电沉积能量和冲击波能量,平均约17%的间隙放电能量转换为冲击波机械能。对冲击波能量与峰压关系进行了拟合,并与数值模拟结果进行了比较,二者变化趋势基本一致,量级上吻合较好。 相似文献
97.
指纹识别技术是近年来应用最广泛的一种生物识别应用技术。结合该技术与当前高等教育的改革热点,本文设计了一个基于指纹识别的便携式信息管理系统。使教学互动环节不仅涵盖了基本的教师与学生的通知公告,而且涵盖了深层次的教师与学生及其家长的相互沟通、分析课程学习的优缺点、有针对性的提出各课程学习的良好建议等。系统硬件采用ARM M3处理器、指纹采集传感器、2.8寸液晶屏以及GPRS模块等,系统软件采用UCOSII操作系统。实现了课堂教学的实时考勤,统计班年级课程的平时、期中小考及期末终考成绩,分析学生的学习表现,并对师生提出教学、学习及提高教学质量的良好建议。本设计对其它考勤应用及教育领域具有一定的参考价值。 相似文献
98.
Taking phase error, turbulent atmosphere, jitter, vacancy factor and tilt error into consideration, we propose a general propagation formula for both coherent and incoherent combined beams with different kinds of aberrations. Comparative study on the propagation performance of coherent and incoherent combined beams is presented. Beam propagation factor (BPF) defined as laser output power in a specified far-field bucket divided by the total output power radiating from the effective near-field exit aperture of the laser beam is introduced as the beam quality factor to give a quantitative study. It is revealed that the coherent combined beam has great advantage when propagating in free-space compared with the incoherent combined beams. However, the coherent combined beam is more sensitive to the environmental aberrations, and the beam quality degrades faster with an increase in the aberrations’ intensity. Scintillation index as the high moments of the combined intensity field is also studied. It is revealed that both coherent and incoherent combined beams exhibit less scintillations compared with a single-aperture beam, and the incoherent combined beam demonstrates better scintillations reducing the performance. Our methodology offers an all-round performance evaluation on the two kinds of laser systems. 相似文献
99.
The oil industry is now increasingly concentrating their efforts and activities in connection with developing fields in deeper
waters, ranging typically from 500 m to 3000 m worldwide. However, the modeling of a full-depth system has become difficult
presently; no tank facility is sufficiently large to perform the testing of a complete FPS with compliant mooring in 1000
m to 3000 m depth, within reasonable limits of model scale. Until recently, the most feasible procedure to meet this challenge
seems to be the so-called “hybrid model testing technique”. To implement this technique, the first and important step is to
design the equivalent water depth truncated mooring system. In this work, the optimization design of the equivalent water
depth truncated mooring system in hybrid model testing for deep sea platforms is investigated. During the research, the similarity
of static characteristics between the truncated and full depth system is mainly considered. The optimization mathematical
model for the equivalent water depth truncated system design is set up by using the similarity in numerical value of the static
characteristics between the truncated system and the full depth one as the objective function. The dynamic characteristic
difference between the truncated and full depth mooring system can be minished by selecting proper design rule. To calculate
the static characteristics of the mooring system, the fourth order Runge-Kutta method is used to solve the static equilibrium
equation of the single mooring line. After the static characteristic of the single mooring line is calculated, the static
characteristic of the whole mooring system is calculated with Lagrange numerical interpolation method. The mooring line material
database is established and the standard material name and the diameter of the mooring line are selected as the primary key.
The improved simulated annealing algorithm for continual & discrete variables and the improved complex algorithm for discrete
variables are employed to perform the optimization calculation. The C++ programming language is used to develop the computer
program according to the object-oriented programming idea. To perform the optimization calculation with the two algorithms
mentioned above respectively and the better result is selected as the final one. To examine the developed program, an example
of equivalent water depth truncated mooring system optimum design calculation on a 100,000-t, turret mooring FPSO in water
depth of 320 m are performed to obtain the conformation parameters of the truncated mooring system, in which the truncated
water depth is 160 m. The model test under some typical environment conditions are performed for both the truncated and the
full depth system with model scale factor λ=80. After comparing the corresponding results from the test of the truncated system with those from the full depth system
test, it’s found that the truncated mooring system design in this work is successful.
Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 10602055 and 40776007) and the Natural Science Foundation
of China Jiliang University (Grant No. XZ0501) 相似文献
100.
A primitive-variable Riemann method for solution of the shallow water equations with wetting and drying 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
P. Sivakumar D.G. Hyams L.K. Taylor W.R. Briley 《Journal of computational physics》2009,228(19):7452-7472
A Riemann flux that uses primitive variables rather than conserved variables is developed for the shallow water equations with nonuniform bathymetry. This primitive-variable flux is both conservative and well behaved at zero depth. The unstructured finite-volume discretization used is suitable for highly nonuniform grids that provide resolution of complex geometries and localized flow structures. A source-term discretization is derived for nonuniform bottom that balances the discrete flux integral both for still water and in dry regions. This primitive-variable formulation is uniformly valid in wet and dry regions with embedded wetting and drying fronts. A fully nonlinear implicit scheme and both nonlinear and time-linearized explicit schemes are developed for the time integration. The implicit scheme is solved by a parallel Newton-iterative algorithm with numerically computed flux Jacobians. A concise treatment of characteristic-variable boundary conditions with source terms is also given. Computed results obtained for the one-dimensional dam break on wet and dry beds and for normal-mode oscillations in a circular parabolic basin are in very close agreement with the analytical solutions. Other results for a forced breaking wave with friction interacting with a sloped bottom demonstrate a complex wave motion with wetting, drying and multiple interacting wave fronts. Finally, a highly nonuniform, coastline-conforming unstructured grid is used to demonstrate an unsteady simulation that models an artificial coastal flooding due to a forced wave entering the Gulf of Mexico. 相似文献