全文获取类型
收费全文 | 23782篇 |
免费 | 2189篇 |
国内免费 | 1942篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 3282篇 |
晶体学 | 148篇 |
力学 | 1801篇 |
综合类 | 655篇 |
数学 | 16679篇 |
物理学 | 5348篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 194篇 |
2022年 | 286篇 |
2021年 | 386篇 |
2020年 | 486篇 |
2019年 | 538篇 |
2018年 | 535篇 |
2017年 | 651篇 |
2016年 | 728篇 |
2015年 | 527篇 |
2014年 | 990篇 |
2013年 | 1688篇 |
2012年 | 1074篇 |
2011年 | 1394篇 |
2010年 | 1278篇 |
2009年 | 1612篇 |
2008年 | 1582篇 |
2007年 | 1617篇 |
2006年 | 1441篇 |
2005年 | 1170篇 |
2004年 | 1029篇 |
2003年 | 989篇 |
2002年 | 998篇 |
2001年 | 901篇 |
2000年 | 796篇 |
1999年 | 756篇 |
1998年 | 643篇 |
1997年 | 573篇 |
1996年 | 437篇 |
1995年 | 344篇 |
1994年 | 283篇 |
1993年 | 233篇 |
1992年 | 208篇 |
1991年 | 172篇 |
1990年 | 151篇 |
1989年 | 131篇 |
1988年 | 110篇 |
1987年 | 97篇 |
1986年 | 64篇 |
1985年 | 111篇 |
1984年 | 99篇 |
1983年 | 59篇 |
1982年 | 97篇 |
1981年 | 69篇 |
1980年 | 61篇 |
1979年 | 88篇 |
1978年 | 61篇 |
1977年 | 46篇 |
1976年 | 32篇 |
1974年 | 23篇 |
1973年 | 24篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 156 毫秒
91.
92.
93.
Some new oscillation criteria are established for a second order neutral delay differential equations. These results improve oscillation results of Y.V. Rogo-vchenko for the retarded delay differential equations. The relevance of our theorems is illustrated with two carefully selected examples. 相似文献
94.
Naus Joseph I. Wallenstein Sylvan 《Methodology and Computing in Applied Probability》2004,6(4):389-400
Researchers apply scan statistics to test for unusually large clusters of events within a time window of specified length w, or alternatively an unusually small window w that contains a specified number of events. In some cases, the researcher is interested in testing for a range of specified window lengths, or a set of several specified number of events k (cluster sizes). In this paper, we derive accurate approximations for the joint distributions of scan statistics for a range of values of w, or of k, that can be used to set an experiment-wide level of significance that takes into account the multiple comparisons involved. We use these methods to compare different ways of choosing the window sizes for the different cluster sizes. One special case is a multiple comparison procedure based on a generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT) for a range of window sizes. We compare the power of the GLRT with another method for allocating the window sizes. We find that the GLRT is sensitive for very small window sizes at the expense of moderate and larger window sizes. We illustrate these results on two examples, one involving clustering of translocation breakpoints in DNA, and the other involving disease clusters. 相似文献
95.
One of the most ignored, but urgent and vital challenges confronting society today is the vulnerability of urban areas to extreme events. Current organization of response systems, predominantly based on a command and control model, limits their effectiveness and efficiency. Particularly, in decision‐making processes where a large number of actors may be involved. In this article, a new distributed collaborative decision‐making model is proposed to overcome command and control limitations encountered in stressful, hostile, chaotic, and large‐scale settings. This model was derived by borrowing concepts from the collective decision making of honeybees foraging, a successful process in solving complex tasks within complex settings. The model introduced in this article was evaluated through differential equations, i.e., continuous analysis, and difference equations, i.e., discrete analysis. The most important result found is that the best available option in any large‐scale decision‐making problem can be configured as an attractor, in a distributed and timely manner. We suggest that the proposed model has the potential to facilitate decision‐making processes in large‐scale settings. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity 11:28–38, 2005 相似文献
96.
John A. Ekaterinaris 《国际流体数值方法杂志》2004,45(11):1187-1207
A high‐order accurate, finite‐difference method for the numerical solution of incompressible flows is presented. This method is based on the artificial compressibility formulation of the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations. Fourth‐ or sixth‐order accurate discretizations of the metric terms and the convective fluxes are obtained using compact, centred schemes. The viscous terms are also discretized using fourth‐order accurate, centred finite differences. Implicit time marching is performed for both steady‐state and time‐accurate numerical solutions. High‐order, spectral‐type, low‐pass, compact filters are used to regularize the numerical solution and remove spurious modes arising from unresolved scales, non‐linearities, and inaccuracies in the application of boundary conditions. The accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method is demonstrated for test problems. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
97.
V. S. Gorelik P. P. Sverbil' A. B. Fadyushin V. V. Vasil'ev 《Journal of Russian Laser Research》2004,25(1):54-63
A possibility of application of semiconductor lasers of the visible range as exciting sources for Raman spectroscopy is studied. An experimental set-up for measuring Raman spectra of polycrystalline dielectrics and broad-gap semiconductors excited by a semiconductor laser with a wavelength of 640 nm was created. The conditions under which the spectral width of the lasing line of a semiconductor laser was within 10-3 cm-1 in the continuous mode with a power of 10 mW are realized. The characteristics of various types of exciting sources used in Raman spectroscopy are compared. The results of studies of the characteristic Raman spectra excited with a semiconductor laser in polycrystalline sulfur are presented. 相似文献
98.
Yuh-Shan Ho 《Adsorption》2004,10(2):151-158
The kinetics of four sorption systems, Cu/tree fern, Pb/tree fern, AB9/activated clay and BR18/activated clay have been studied based on the assumption of a pseudo-second order rate law. Pseudo-isotherms using the pseudo-second order kinetic expression constant have been developed to describe the four liquid-solid sorption systems. The experimental results have been analyzed using a pseudo-Langmuir and a pseudo-Redlich-Peterson isotherm. Both isotherms were found to represent the measured sorption data well. According to the evaluation using the pseudo-Langmuir equation, the monolayer sorption capacities were obtained to be 13.9, 46.6, 124 and 105 mg g–1 for copper, lead, AB9 and BR18 respectively. 相似文献
99.
Yuri M. Boiko Anders Bach Jørgen Lyngaae-Jørgensen 《Journal of Polymer Science.Polymer Physics》2004,42(10):1861-1867
Films of amorphous polystyrene (PS) with a weight-average molecular weight (Mw) of 225 × 103 g/mol were bonded in a T-peel test geometry, and the fracture energy (G) of a PS/PS interface was measured at the ambient temperature as a function of the healing time (th) and healing temperature (Th). G was found to develop with (th)1/2 at Th = Tg-bulk − 33 °C (where Tg-bulk is the glass-transition temperature of the bulk sample), and log G was found to develop with 1/Th at Tg-bulk − 43 °C ≤ Th ≤ Tg-bulk − 23 °C. The smallest measured value of G = 1.4 J/m2 was at least one order of magnitude larger than the work of adhesion required to reversibly separate the PS surfaces. These three observations indicated that the development of G at the PS/PS interface in the temperature range investigated (<Tg-bulk) was controlled by the diffusion of chain segments feasible above the glass-transition temperature of the interfacial layer, in agreement with our previous findings for fracture stress development at several polymer/polymer interfaces well below Tg-bulk. Close values of G = 8–9 J/m2 were measured for the symmetric interfaces of polydisperse PS [Mw = 225 × 103, weight-average molecular weight/number-average molecular weight (Mw/Mn) = 3] and monodisperse PS (Mw = 200 × 103, Mw/Mn = 1.04) after healing at Th = Tg-bulk − 33 °C for 24 h. This implies that the self-bonding of high-molecular-weight PS at such relatively low temperatures is not governed by polydispersity. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 42: 1861–1867, 2004 相似文献
100.
The first hyperpolarizabilities of a series of novel azulenic-barbituric acid chromophores have been studied by using 12 excitation wavelengths, ranging from 900 to 1907 nm. The dispersion relation of the first hyperpolarizabilities of chromophores holds the same tendency as the experimental results. In addition, the static first hyperpolarizability β0 of molecules was calculated by means of the Sum-Over-States (SOS) expression and the two-level formula respectively. The results show that these molecules possess large static first hyperpolarizabilities and the, β0 value increases as the donor or acceptor strength enhances; the distorted degree of molecules has also an important influence on the β0 value. 相似文献