技术生态位视角下技术变迁过程的仿真分析:一个基于不同模式的对比研究

为解释不同技术变迁模式的作用原理,基于技术生态位理论,采用NetLogo软件进行智能体仿真实验。研究结果表明:技术外干扰的作用与强度是技术能否借助转变模式实现变迁的关键;技术变迁的去结盟与再结盟模式将导致生态位网络呈现区域高连通性,但主导技术出现空白阶段的情况;技术替代模式的技术变迁利于新技术通过生态位的积累与扩展建立市场权力,并逐步淘汰体制技术;技术变迁的重组模式是以成功的技术创新为前提,推动突破性创新涌现并彻底实现技术变革的方式。研究不仅从理论拓展和研究方法两个方面为技术生态位理论做出了贡献,而且所得结论亦从管理实践的角度,为管理者制定行之有效的技术变迁策略提供了有益借鉴。     

膜法处理电镀清洗废水的零排放工艺设计与研究

用纳滤-反渗透-反渗透膜组合处理方法对电镀清洗废水进行处理工艺设计,使电镀清洗废水形成闭路循环;整个工艺流程无任何物料添加和损耗,水和镀液离子全部回收利用.并用模拟配制的镀镍漂洗废水进行实验研究,考察操作压力、进水浓度和料液浓缩倍数对工艺各级膜组件分离效果影响,结果显示与预期相符,设计工艺能实现电镀清洗废水零排放处理目标,生产实际应用可行.     

基于自组织理论的技术创新系统演化机理及模型分析

创新是人类财富之源,是经济发展的巨大动力。本文从复杂系统理论角度说明了技术创新系统的自组织特性;分析了创新过程的不稳定性、分岔、突变和随机"涨落"等演化特征和作用机理;随后结合进化经济学理论,构建了技术创新系统自组织竞争与协同演化过程的定量模型,并对模型的稳定性和演化趋势进行分析,应用统计和数学工具软件对模型的参数变化进行函数模拟,对模拟结果进行了讨论;随后以我国通信产业发展为例进行了相关案例分析。此研究旨在通过自然科学与社会科学的有效结合,对技术创新系统的演化机理及过程提供一种新的研究思路。     

血管支架光纤激光切割技术

采用光纤激光器对血管支架进行了激光切割工艺研究,通过实验获得了聚焦透镜焦距及焦点位置、输出功率、切割速度、脉冲频率、脉冲宽度、辅助气体种类及压强等工艺参数对切缝宽度和缝面质量的影响规律.结果表明:缝宽随输出功率、频率、脉宽及辅助氧压的增大而增加,随着切割速度的增加而减小.在实验的基础上找出了血管支架切割的最佳工艺参数,在316LVM不锈钢细管上(管壁厚度为0.12 mm,直径为2 mm)获得了切缝均匀,缝宽小于20 μm网状结构的血管支架.     

Long-Term Outcome of Hyperfunctional Voice Disorders Based on a Multiparameter Approach

SUMMARY: The purpose of this study is to determine the long-term voice outcome (6.1 years after a well-defined voice treatment program) of hyperfunctional voice disorders in 27 subjects. All patients showed a muscle tension pattern type I (MTP I). Perceptual ratings, aerodynamic and acoustical analyses, Voice Handicap Index (VHI) value, and a determination of the Dysphonia Severity Index (DSI) were performed. The laryngovideostroboscopic images indicated that 51% of the subjects still show pathological laryngological findings. The negative evolution of the DSI from -1 to -3.2 is in agreement with this finding. Analysis of the components of the DSI shows that the main responsible variable for this negative change is the lowest intensity (I-low) that increased with 8.1 dB, indicating that subjects generally speak too loud, which is a typical problem for vocal hyperfunction. The VHI-score indicates an unimportant psychosocial impact of the voice disorder. The more objective and laryngostroboscopic findings indicate a chronic situation for a substantial part of the subjects and even a worse situation for some of them. Whether the long-term voice outcome results can be changed with the insertion of several follow-up voice rehabilitation sessions over the years remains unanswered and is a subject for further research.     

学习钱学森先生技术科学思想的体会

以个人体会从以下几个方面介绍钱学森先生的技术科学思想: 什么是技术科学;技术科学的重要性;技术科学如何为应用服务;技 术科学工作者应具有的基础知识;钱学森先生技术科学思想在建立力 学研究所中的实践.最后谈一谈关于力学要继续走技术科学道路的一些 想法.     

Development of a Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry-Based Inhibition Assay for the Screening of Steroid 5-α Reductase in Human and Fish Cell Lines

Steroid 5-α reductase (5AR) is responsible for the reduction of steroids to 5-α reduced metabolites, such as the reduction of testosterone to 5-α dihydrotestosterone (DHT). A new adverse outcome pathway (AOP) for 5AR inhibition to reduce female reproduction in fish (AOP 289) is under development to clarify the antiestrogenic effects of 5AR inhibitors in female fish. A sensitive method for the DHT analysis using chemical derivatization and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry was developed. A cell-based 5AR inhibition assay that utilizes human cell lines, a transient overexpression system, and fish cell lines was developed. The measured IC₅₀ values of two well-known 5AR inhibitors, finasteride and dutasteride, were comparable in the different systems. However, the IC₅₀ of dutasteride in the fish cell lines was lower than that in the human cell lines. Finasteride showed a higher IC₅₀ against the RTG-2 cell line. These results demonstrated that 5ARs inhibition could differ in terms of structural characteristics among species. The assay has high sensitivity and reproducibility and is suitable for the application in 5AR inhibition screening for various endocrine disruption chemicals (EDCs). Future studies will continue to evaluate the quantitative inhibition of 5AR by EDCs to compare the endocrine-disrupting pathway in different species.     

探讨妊娠糖尿病运用个体化营养膳食的影响

目的了解妊娠期糖尿病专业治疗中行个体化营养膳食疗法对其妊娠结局以及血糖控制水平产生的影响。方法选择130例因妊娠期糖尿病进入江西省萍乡市人民医院的患者,以膳食疗法的差异分组:62例Ⅰ组施以常规膳食疗法,68例Ⅱ组则施以个体化营养膳食疗法,再对两组病例血糖值及其妊娠结局专业统计、观察。结果施以两种膳食疗法后,62例Ⅰ组FPG值(5.60±0.90)mmol/L,68例Ⅱ组(4.47±0.49)mmol/L,(P<0.05);同时Ⅱ组2h PG值及其妊娠结局等都优于Ⅰ组,(P<0.05)。结论对于患有糖尿病的妊娠期患者,通过施以个体化营养膳食疗法,可实现对妊娠结局的充分改善,值得推荐应用。     

金融集聚对文化产出效率的影响——以技术进步为门槛

运用2007-2013年省际面板数据,采用汉森的门槛模型,以技术进步为门槛变量,探讨了金融集聚对文化产出效率的影响.实证表明:金融集聚对文化产出效率的影响程度受到技术进步水平的影响,在不同的技术进步门槛区间金融集聚对文化产出效率的估计系数不同.因此在制定文化产业政策时,要充分考虑各地特殊情况,采取与本地技术进步水平相适宜的政策.     

在专业建设中培养大学生的科技创新能力

结合哈尔滨工业大学材料化学专业建设情况,重点阐述了专业建设与大学生科技创新能力培养的关系以及所获得的成果。在科技创新中完善专业建设,在专业建设中为科技创新活动搭建舞台,着重培养本科生的科学精神和科研能力。利用专业建设和科技创新的协同育人机制,实现专业与育人的有机结合,提高学生的综合素质和创新能力。