The effect of temperature on the efficiency parameters in adsorptive liquid chromatography

The effect of temperature on the efficiency of column systems in adsorptive liquid chromatography is reported. The influence of temperature changes on the values of the terms Cm2 and Ck in the HETP equation, which characterizessystems involving silica gel and benzene, ethylene chloride, butyl ether or cyclo- hexanone + heptane, is discussed for 9 substances. The results of the study have led to the following conclusions:

• 1 Temperature increase will always improve the efficiency of typical chromatographic systems.
• 2 As expected, an essential role is played by mass transfer resistance in the mobile phase occupying the pores of the packing material (parameter Cm2).
• 3 Mass transfer resistance resulting from sorption-desorption kinetics (C_k) does not play as essential a role in the systems investigated as does Cm2, but its value is significantly higher than that reported in the literature.

     

流程性材料过程性能的评价方法

过程能力指数已广泛地应用于度量和评价过程性能。使用各种标准能力指数的先决条件是测量数据相互独立，且服从正态分布；然而，对流程性材料生产过程，测量数据往往不满足应用过程能力指数的条件。本文根据确定过程能力指数的基本思想，提出了拓广的过程能力指数Ｃｐｐ，以给出流程性材料过程性能的评价方法，并通过具体事例证实了这种方法的可行性和有效性。     

浅析新疆经济的各产业发展是否均衡

本文对1990-2012年的新疆生产总值及三产总值数据做了统计分析,建立了新疆地区生产总值与三产生产总值关于年份的指数回归方程,通过对方程进行显著性统计分析,得知第一产业和第三产业发展均衡,但二者均在新疆经济平均发展水平之下,第二产业发展迅速,高于平均水平,占地区生产总值比重较大.若新疆经济的发展模式不变,根据回归方程预计五年后,即2017年新疆地区生产总值达到1.6万亿,一产总值达到0.24万亿,二产总值0.88万亿,三产总值0.54万亿,二产总值达到地区生产总值的一半以上,三者发展极不均衡,出现较大差异.当地政府应该采取相应的措施保持新疆经济的基本平衡.     

区域开放程度与企业技术创新能力的关系研究——基于有向无环图的实证分析

基于现有研究忽略了区域对外开放程度与企业技术创新能力之间的同期因果关系问题的缺陷,本文使用了有向无环图分析方法来探讨二者之间的同期因果关系,并采用2001~2011年我国战略性新兴产业284家上市企业的面板数据进行了实证分析。结果表明:企业R&D投资越多、R&D波动性越小越有利于直接促进企业的创新产出;外方注册资本情况对企业创新产出具有直接的促进作用,并且还可通过对企业R&D投资来间接地促进企业的创新产出;区域外商投资质量通过企业R&D投资和R&D波动性间接地抑制了企业的创新产出;而区域对外贸易情况则是通过企业R&D波动性和外方注册资本情况来间接地影响企业创新产出。因此,企业应通过维持R&D活动的稳定性来促进企业技术创新的产出,同时当地政府不应盲目过多的吸引FDI,而应重点吸引、鼓励外商投资者在本地建立R&D部门,增强R&D活动的溢出效应。     

基于TOPSIS灰色关联投影法的高技术产业技术创新能力动态综合评价——以京津冀一体化为视角

为实现对京津冀地区高技术产业技术创新能力的动态综合评价,文章从技术创新投入、技术创新产出和技术创新环境三个方面建立评价指标体系,采用TOPSIS灰色关联投影法计算灰色关联投影贴近度,引入协调度模型评价区域协调发展水平,并进行二次加权计算。对比所得到的截面静态评价结果和面板动态评价结果,可以看出,京津冀地区高技术产业技术创新能力存在不同程度的波动和较大的地区差异,产业发展处于中度失调状态。研究认为,京津冀应努力加强区域产业合作和优势互补,推动创新资源有效配置,促进产业结构优化升级,不断缩小产业技术创新能力的地域差距,实现一体化发展。     

Fixed charge problems with identical fixed charges

The general problem considered by this paper is a special case of the fixed-charge problem. The further condition imposed is that all variables have the same associated fixed-charge. The problem is discussed in the context of a known commercial application, that being the cutting stock problem. The situation considered is that of cutting given numbers of small rectangles from large rectangular stock-plates. In many such situations major aims are to have low stock-plate usage and a low number of setups of the cutting equipment. These represent conflicting objectives capable of being combined by the use of fixed charges upon the setups but this paper presents an alternative approach incorporating direct manipulation of the number of setups involved in the solution. This approach is compared to a solution technique for the general fixed-charge problem.     

三状态串-并联系统的优化分配方法

在单目标、单约束下,建立了三状态串-并联系统的优化模型,采用选取重要部件的方法优化系统可靠度,并相应地给出优化算法,最后通过例子,验证了该算法的有效性．     

When should service firms provide free experience service?

By providing a free experience service, a service firm can attract more uninformed customers. However, it could reversely effect the delay-sensitive, informed customers’ decision. In this paper, we study a priority queueing system with free experience services. We study the customer behavior in equilibrium after we derive the expected customer waiting time. We then construct the service firm’s revenue function and obtain an optimal strategy for the service firm. Our results suggest that when the market size of informed customers is relatively small, the firm should consider providing free experience services for uninformed customers. Conversely, if the demand rate of potential informed customers is quite high, the firm should ignore uninformed customers.     

Optimization-based heuristics for underground mine scheduling

Underground mine production scheduling possesses mathematical structure similar to and yields many of the same challenges as general scheduling problems. That is, binary variables represent the time at which various activities are scheduled. Typical objectives seek to minimize costs or some measure of production time, or to maximize net present value; two principal types of constraints exist: (i) resource constraints and (ii) precedence constraints. In our setting, we maximize “discounted metal production” for the remaining life of an underground lead and zinc mine that uses three different underground methods to extract the ore. Resource constraints limit the grade, tonnage, and backfill paste (used for structural stability) in each time period, while precedence constraints enforce the sequence in which extraction (and backfill) is performed in accordance with the underground mining methods used. We tailor exact and heuristic approaches to reduce model size, and develop an optimization-based decomposition heuristic; both of these methods transform a computationally intractable problem to one for which we obtain solutions in seconds, or, at most, hours for problem instances based on data sets from the Lisheen mine near Thurles, Ireland.     

基于信息溢出网络的我国行业关联性研究

行业信息溢出网络是各行业之间风险关联的载体,其信息溢出的方向和强度与行业的风险传染特征密切相关。运用广义方差分解对申银万国行业一级指数同时构建行业收益率溢出网络和行业波动率溢出网络,分别从静态和动态角度分析我国行业信息溢出的总体情况和动态演化。研究发现:我国各行业间信息溢出水平较高,整体信息联动能力强,但各行业信息溢出随时间变化具有波动性和不确定性。长期情形下,收益率溢出网络和波动溢出网络对系统性重要行业的识别排序具有高度一致性,但短期内两者存在较大差异。长期内,银行业和非银行金融业是系统性重要(信息)接受行业,机械设备业是系统性重要(信息)传播行业;短期内,银行、非银行金融、国防军工、食品饮料及家用电器业是系统性重要行业,但它们的具体角色(信息接受或者传播)具有不确定性。研究结论对于政府产业政策制定及产业监管具有重要的现实意义。