Characterization of the post-necking strain hardening behavior using the virtual fields method

The present study aims at characterizing the post-necking strain hardening behavior of three sheet metals having different hardening behavior. Standard tensile tests were performed on sheet metal specimens up to fracture and heterogeneous logarithmic strain fields were obtained from a digital image correlation technique. Then, an appropriate elasto-plastic constitutive model was chosen. Von Mises yield criterion under plane stress and isotropic hardening law were considered to retrieve the relationship between stress and strain. The virtual fields method (VFM) was adopted as an inverse method to determine the constitutive parameters by calculating the stress fields from the heterogeneous strain fields. The results show that the choice of a hardening law which can describe the hardening behavior accurately is important to derive the true stress–strain curve. Finally, post-necking hardening behavior was successfully characterized up to the initial stage of localized necking using the VFM with Swift and modified Voce laws.     

深海静水压力环境下低合金高强度钢腐蚀行为研究

通过自行设计的深海环境模拟装置,采用静态挂片失重、动电位极化曲线及电化学阻抗谱（EIS）等方法系统研究了深海静水压力环境下低合金高强度钢（HSLA钢）在3.5% NaCl溶液中的腐蚀行为,并与常压下的结果对比,探讨了静水压力下HSLA钢在深海环境中的腐蚀行为. 结果显示,静水压力并没有改变HSLA钢在3.5% NaCl溶液中的腐蚀历程,不甚影响其阴极过程,而主要提高了其阳极腐蚀速率,这可能与高静水压下Cl-活性的增加有关.     

基于小波变换的钢结构连廊损伤识别

以某实际钢结构连廊为背景,采用ANSYS软件建立连廊结构的三维有限元分析模型,通过现场环境振动测试验证了文中连廊结构模型的合理性.针对这一较复杂结构的损伤识别问题,文中基于小波变换理论,构建了一种“变异放大系数”.本文的数值计算算例表明,利用这种“变异放大系数”曲线的峰值可以更有效地判别损伤位置,而“变异放大系数”峰值的大小则可较方便地判别结构的损伤程度.同时,文中探讨了不同小波函数和尺度伸缩因子对连廊结构单处和两处损伤的识别效果的影响,给出了小波函数和尺度伸缩因子的取值建议.     

Ti3SiC2、不锈钢和NiCr合金在人工海水中的摩擦学性能

在SRV-1型摩擦磨损试验机上考察了Ti3SiC2、NiCr合金和不锈钢在干摩擦、蒸馏水和人工海水中的摩擦磨损性能,并用扫描电镜(SEM-EDS)及光电子能谱(XPS)对磨痕形貌及成分进行分析.结果表明:Ti3SiC2/Al2O3摩擦副的摩擦系数对摩擦条件变化不敏感,在液体介质中磨损稍有降低.3种摩擦条件下存在机械磨损和摩擦氧化磨损竞争,但机械磨损始终为主要磨损机制,因此摩擦和磨损较大.不锈钢/Al2O3和NiCr合金/Al2O3两摩擦副对摩擦条件变化较敏感,摩擦系数和磨损率在于摩擦、蒸馏水和海水中依次降低,其中NiCr合金降低幅度最大.干摩擦条件下两者以机械磨损为主要磨损机制,表现为黏着磨损和材料转移;蒸馏水中机械磨损和摩擦氧化磨损并存;海水中以腐蚀磨损为主导,腐蚀产物FeCl2、CrCl3或CrO22-或CrO2-等具有减摩抗磨作用.     

磁悬浮飞轮锁紧装置发射段微动行为研究

采用正弦扫频振动和随机振动模拟卫星发射振动工况,对磁悬浮飞轮锁紧装置在不同锁紧力下的微动行为进行研究,并利用电涡流位移传感器测量定、转子在锁紧接触面处的微动位移,发现锁紧面处存在包含切向和径向的复合微动.实验后,采用扫描电子显微镜对3种锁紧接触副(1 Cr18Ni9Ti/GCr15,渗氮1Cr18Ni9Ti/GCr15和GCr15/GCr15)的锁紧表面进行分析.结果表明:锁紧力从200 N增至300 N时,最大微动位移从60 μm降至8μm,相应的微动位移最大振幅从25μm降至4μm,使得切向微动从滑移区变化至部分滑移区,从而降低了切向微动磨损程度.而增加接触刚度或选择相似接触体可减小微滑发生机率,避免径向微动损伤.两者共同作用,抑制了锁紧面内的复合微动损伤发生.     

Fatigue life assessment of a high strength steel 300 M in the gigacycle regime

The fatigue behavior of a high strength steel 300 M in the gigacycle regime was investigated. Fully reversed tension — compression fatigue tests at ambient temperature were performed using an ultrasonic fatigue system operating at 20 kHz. The staircase test method was employed to obtain accurate values of the mean fatigue strength corresponding to fixed numbers of cycles up to 10⁹. These results were compared to the curve which is estimated by the data tested in the mid-long life regime on conventional servo hydraulic test machine at 20 Hz. Results indicate that the fatigue strength determined from ultrasonic fatigue testing is lightly higher than conventional testing in the range of 10⁶–10⁷ cycles. It is obvious that nucleations of fractures tend to occur below the surface, if fractures happen after more than 10⁷ cycles. All the fractured specimens fails from internal SiO₂ inclusions or smaller carbides and carbide clusters.     

Improving fatigue strength of bainite/martensite dual-phase steels in very high cycle fatigue regime by refining microstructures

Very high cycle fatigue behaviors of two bainite/martensite dual-phase steels were investigated. One of the steels was cyclic rapid heat treated and its microstructures were refined. Fatigue strength of the steel is 225 MPa higher than that without refining. Observation of fracture surfaces show that the fatigue cracks initiate at bainites for non-refined steel and at non-metallic inclusions for the refined steel. The size of inclusions is much smaller than that of bainites which results in the improvement of fatigue strength.     

基于双剪统一强度理论的复式钢管混凝土轴压承载力计算

考虑内、外钢管对混凝土的双重约束作用, 分析复式钢管混凝土的轴压应力状态, 采用双剪统一强度理论分析混凝土和钢管各自的极限轴压强度, 得出复式钢管混凝土轴压承载力公式; 通过推导钢管在极限状态的强度折减系数及钢管与混凝土之间的紧箍力值, 计算出的轴压承载力与试验数据进行对比, 吻合较好, 验证了双剪统一强度理论在复式钢管混凝土轴压承载力计算中的适用性; 并给出了内圆钢管的径厚比和直径与轴压承载力提高系数的关系, 为复式钢管混凝土的优化设计提供理论依据.     

巨型钢框架——拉索吊挂结构拉索参数确定方法

如何确定拉索参数是巨型钢框架——拉索吊挂结构的关键问题. 基于简化模型推导了竖向载荷下结构内力及变形的求解方程;依据牛顿定律分析了水平载荷作用下, 不同的滑移状态拉索对框架受力变形的影响, 得到了拉索索力增量最大值的关系式;最终, 根据"正常使用状态下, 巨型梁的挠度满足规范要求"的拉索参数确定准则, 建立了首先确定拉索截面积、再确定拉索预拉力的确定方法. 为巨型钢框架-拉索吊挂结构的性能评判和初步设计奠定理论基础.     

基于APDL的钢板剪力墙可靠性研究

应用ANSYS中的APDL参数化语言对非加劲肋钢板剪力墙、十字加劲肋钢板剪力墙、斜加劲肋钢板剪力墙进行了建模及随机有限元可靠性分析。在随机有限元可靠性分析中,使用PDS模块,确定了钢板剪力墙的可靠度,并将结果生成可靠性分析报告。结果表明:相同强度地震力作用下的三种模型,可靠度从小到大依次为非加劲肋钢板剪力墙、十字加劲肋钢板剪力墙、斜加劲肋钢板剪力墙。三种模型中竖向压力对可靠度影响最大。