Die Berechnung von Einelektronen-Integralen in der SCF-Xα-SW-Methode: I. Die Normierung

A normalization of the wave functions by means of the theoretical exact Multiple-Scattering-(MS)-formalism is discussed within the framework of the SCF-X-SW-method. For the atomic and extramolecular regions the integrals of normalization can be easily determined and the results can be described by the corresponding electronic charges. The calculation of the integral of the interatomic region is problematic. The needful volume integration is only necessary to theGreen's functions of the wave functions and can be solved by means of the residual theory. The further analytical calculation of the surface integrals leads to a complicated formalism which can be numerically evaluated.

     

The inclusion complex of piromidic acid with dimethyl-β-cyclodextrin in aqueous solution and in the solid state

Inclusion complex formation of piromidic acid (PA) with dimethyl--cyclodextrin (DM--CD) in aqueous solution and in the solid state was confirmed by the solubility method, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H-NMR) spectroscopy. The apparent stability constant,K _c , of the complex was estimated to be 244 M^–1. The stoichiometry of the complex was given as the ratio 1:2 of PA to DM--CD. The dissolution rate of the PA/DM--CD complex was much greater than that of intact PA.Presented at the Fourth International Symposium on Inclusion Phenomena and the Third International Symposium on Cyclodextrins, Lancaster, U.K., 20–25 July 1986.     

Copolymerization of ethylene and 1-butene with highly active Ticl4/THF/Mgcl2, Ticl4/THF/Mgcl2/SiO2, and TiCl3.1/3AlCl3 catalysts

Highly active catalysts for copolymerization have been prepared by the precipitation of MgCl₂/ToCl₄ complex with or without high surface area silica. Copolymerization of ethylene and 1-butene has been tested by using the prepared catalysts at various concentrations of 1-butene. The catalytic activities are 20–80 kg/g Ti h. The rate of copolymerization is strongly affected by the addition of 1-butene. The decay rate of copolymerization is first order with respect to time. Analyses of copolymers with solvent extraction, DSC, IR, XRD, and NMR were performed. Ethylene reactivity ratio (k₁₁) for TiCl₄/MgCl₂/THF catalyst is calculated to be about 26 by NMR spectrum. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

SPORES AND POLLEN IN CRUDE OILS AND PETROLEUM SOURCE OF TARIM BASIN

One hundred and forty-seven species of spores and pollen referred to 77 genera found in the crudeoil samples taken from four petroliferous provinces of the Tarim Basin of Xinjiang Provincehave been studied in this paper. By means of these spore and pollen fossils, the geological ages anddistribution of the petroleum source rocks of the basin are judged. Also, the principles and methodsto judge the petroleum source of a petroleum province by spore/pollen and other microfossils in crudeoils are explained.     

Catalytic wet air oxidation of oleic acid on ceria-supported platinum catalyst.effect of pH

Summary Catalytic wet air oxidation (CWAO) of oleic acid was carried out in a batch reactor on platinum supported ceria catalyst (Pt/CeO₂). Oleic acid is a water insoluble linear unsaturated fatty acid of 18 carbon atoms. To increase the homogeneity of the solution by saponification, the influence of NaOH additions in oleic acid CWAO mechanism and catalyst performances have been investigated. The oxidation of such molecule occurs by two types of mechanisms: successive carboxy-decarboxylation which leads essentially to CO₂and/or C-C bonds splitting in the alkyl chain inducing a high formation of acetic acid. With or without NaOH, the 5%Pt/CeO₂catalyst is active in the conversion of oleic acid and selective to carbon dioxide. In alkaline medium, oleic acid is initially saponified which increases the solubility of the reactant before it to be oxidized. Finally the oxidation is slightly delayed by the presence of NaOH. The catalyst characterizations show no significant difference before and after reaction.</o:p>     

顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱法测定废水中痕量挥发性烷基硫化物

建立了顶空固相微萃取(HS-SPME)和气相色谱/质谱(GC/MS)联用测定人工湿地废水中的痕量挥发性烷基硫化物的方法。针对废水中两种主要的挥发性烷基硫化物(二甲基硫、二甲基二硫),详细研究了萃取纤维头的种类、萃取时间、萃取温度、pH值、离子强度、样品量及解析条件对HS-SPME的影响。载气为高纯氦气,流速为1.0mL/min,色谱柱为DB-5ms毛细管柱(0.25μm,30m×0.32mm),柱温:25℃(5min)■40℃(1min)■60℃(5min);在优化的实验条件下,本法测定二甲基硫及二甲基二硫的线性范围分别为10～10000ng/L和1～10000ng/L;检出限(3σ)分别为1.9ng/L和1.8ng/L;相对标准偏差小于10%;回收率分别为81.0%～94.6%和84.0%～100.9%。用二乙基硫为内标物质,将本法用于人工湿地废水中主要的烷基硫化物二甲基硫和二甲基二硫的测定,获得满意结果。     

Selective formation of AAB- and ABC-type heterotrimeric alpha-helical coiled coils

The alpha-helical coiled coils have a representative amino acid sequence of (abcdefg)(n) heptad repeats. We previously reported that two peptides named IZ-2A and IZ-2W formed an (IZ-2A)(2)/IZ-2W heterotrimer with an Ala-Ala-Trp interaction in the hydrophobic core. In this paper, we describe the selective formation of AAB- and ABC-type heterotrimers. To increase the selectivity of the AAB-type heterotrimeric formation, Lys residues at the f position were mutated to either an Ala or a Gln residue to form IZ-2A(fA) or IZ-2W(fQ). Separately, both IZ-2A(fA) and IZ-2W(fQ) have a random structure at pH 7 and 20 degrees C. However, together IZ-2A(fA) and IZ-2W(fQ) form a 2:1 complex with a thermal transition midpoint (Tm) of 48 degrees C. This procedure was applied to prepare the ABC-type heterotrimer, in which two sets of Ala-Ala-Trp interactions were designed in the hydrophobic core. Interhelical interaction between the e and g positions and the alpha-helical propensity of the amino acid at the f position were also considered in the design. The resultant three peptides selectively formed the ABC-type heterotrimer with a Tm of 51 degrees C. Other peptide combinations had random coil properties.     

A comparative study of various computational approaches in calculating the structure of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP)-dependent beta-lyase protein. The importance of protein environment

Various computational approaches, using molecular mechanics (Amber), semiempirical (AM1), density functional (B3LYP), and various ONIOM methods, have been comparatively investigated for the structure of Escherichia coli NifS CsdB protein. The structure of the entire monomer containing 407 amino acid residues and 579 surrounding water molecules has been optimized. The full geometry optimization in the "active site-only" approach (including only active site atoms) has been found to give the largest root-mean-square (RMS) deviation from the X-ray structure; a much better agreement has been achieved by keeping the atoms leading to the backbones of some amino acids frozen in their positions in the X-ray structure. The best agreement has been attained by including the surrounding protein in the calculations using the two-layer ONIOM (B3LYP:Amber) approach. The results presented in this study conclusively demonstrate the importance of the protein/active-site interaction on the active-site structure of the enzyme. The present theoretical study represents the largest system studied at the ONIOM level to date, containing 7992 atoms, including 84 atoms in the QM region and rest in the MM region.     

杂富勒烯的电子结构与性质关系的研究──Ⅱ.C_(57)X_3,C_(56)X_4(X=B、N、P)的位置异构体

用 CNDO／2方法在 586微机上计算了 C57X3C56X4（X=B、N、P）的 234个位置异构体的电子结构。在C57X3（X=B、N、P）位置异构体中，C57X3（1，2，9）（X=B、N、P）分别是最稳定的。对于C56X4（X=B、N、P）位置异构体，C56B4（1，2，9，8），C56N4（1，2，9，12）和C56P4（1，2，9，12）分别是最稳定的，但稳定性都比C60差。其氧化或还原性都比 C60好，将它们和 C60比较，与 X相距一个或两个键的 C原子电荷密度增加或减少较多，其余电或亲核反应性增加；X与 X，X与 C原子之间 Wiberg Order都减少较多，其键的强度削弱；邻近杂原子的 C与 C原子之间 Wiberg Order减少或增加很少，其键的强度稍有削弱或增强。