全文获取类型
收费全文 | 3434篇 |
免费 | 367篇 |
国内免费 | 183篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 183篇 |
晶体学 | 8篇 |
力学 | 305篇 |
综合类 | 53篇 |
数学 | 2243篇 |
物理学 | 1192篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 33篇 |
2022年 | 81篇 |
2021年 | 76篇 |
2020年 | 60篇 |
2019年 | 67篇 |
2018年 | 70篇 |
2017年 | 99篇 |
2016年 | 120篇 |
2015年 | 75篇 |
2014年 | 181篇 |
2013年 | 230篇 |
2012年 | 128篇 |
2011年 | 211篇 |
2010年 | 200篇 |
2009年 | 189篇 |
2008年 | 217篇 |
2007年 | 262篇 |
2006年 | 203篇 |
2005年 | 162篇 |
2004年 | 178篇 |
2003年 | 160篇 |
2002年 | 121篇 |
2001年 | 94篇 |
2000年 | 91篇 |
1999年 | 97篇 |
1998年 | 71篇 |
1997年 | 71篇 |
1996年 | 47篇 |
1995年 | 59篇 |
1994年 | 40篇 |
1993年 | 29篇 |
1992年 | 32篇 |
1991年 | 28篇 |
1990年 | 17篇 |
1989年 | 18篇 |
1988年 | 20篇 |
1987年 | 19篇 |
1986年 | 9篇 |
1985年 | 21篇 |
1984年 | 14篇 |
1983年 | 11篇 |
1982年 | 7篇 |
1981年 | 10篇 |
1980年 | 9篇 |
1979年 | 11篇 |
1978年 | 6篇 |
1977年 | 7篇 |
1976年 | 5篇 |
1975年 | 5篇 |
1973年 | 3篇 |
排序方式: 共有3984条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
71.
72.
We discuss the motion of substance in a channel containing nodes of a network. Each node of the channel can exchange substance with: (i) neighboring nodes of the channel, (ii) network nodes which do not belong to the channel, and (iii) environment of the network. The new point in this study is that we assume possibility for exchange of substance among flows of substance between nodes of the channel and: (i) nodes that belong to the network but do not belong to the channel and (ii) environment of the network. This leads to an extension of the model of motion of substance and the extended model contains previous models as particular cases. We use a discrete-time model of motion of substance and consider a stationary regime of motion of substance in a channel containing a finite number of nodes. As results of the study, we obtain a class of probability distributions connected to the amount of substance in nodes of the channel. We prove that the obtained class of distributions contains all truncated discrete probability distributions of discrete random variable which can take values . Theory for the case of a channel containing infinite number of nodes is presented in Appendix A. The continuous version of the discussed discrete probability distributions is described in Appendix B. The discussed extended model and obtained results can be used for the study of phenomena that can be modeled by flows in networks: motion of resources, traffic flows, motion of migrants, etc. 相似文献
73.
Let be the first return time to of sums of increments given by a functional of a stationary Markov chain. We determine the asymptotic behavior of the survival probability, for an explicit constant . Our analysis is based on a connection between the survival probability and the running maximum of the time-reversed process, and relies on a functional central limit theorem for Markov chains. As applications, we recover known clustering results for the 3-color cyclic cellular automaton and the Greenberg–Hastings model, and we prove a new clustering result for the 3-color firefly cellular automaton. 相似文献
74.
The application of the hidden Markov models (HMMs) is attempted for revealing key features for the earthquake generation which are not accessible to direct observation. Considering that the states of the HMM correspond to levels of the stress field, our objective is to identify these states. The observations are considered after grouping earthquake magnitudes and the cases of different number of states are examined. The problems of HMMs theory are solved and the ensuing HMMs are compared on the basis of Akaike and Bayesian information criteria. A new insight on the evaluation of future seismic hazard is given by calculating the mean number of steps for the first visit to a particular state, along with the respective variance. We further calculate an estimator of the mean number of steps for the first visit to a particular state and we construct its confidence interval. Additionally, a second approach to the problem is followed by assuming a different determination of observations. The HMMs applied to both approaches, contribute significantly to seismic hazard assessment via revealing the number of the stress levels as well as the way in which these levels are associated with certain earthquake occurrence. 相似文献
75.
The extinction phenomenon induced by multiplicative non-Gaussian Levy noise in a tumor growth model with immune response is discussed. Under the influence of the stochastic immune rate, the model is analyzed in terms of a stochastic differential equation with multiplicative noise. By means of the theory of the infinitesimal generator of Hunt processes, the escape probability, which is used to measure the noise-induced extinction probability of tumor cells, is explicitly expressed as a function of initial tumor cell density, stability index and noise intensity. Based on the numerical calculations, it is found that for different initial densities of tumor cells, noise parameters play opposite roles on the escape probability. The optimally selected values of the multiplicative noise intensity and the stability index are found to maximize the escape probability. 相似文献
76.
In this paper, we establish uniform-in-bandwidth limit laws of the logarithm for nonparametric Inverse Probability of Censoring
Weighted (I.P.C.W.) estimators of the multivariate regression function under random censorship. A similar result is deduced
for estimators of the conditional distribution function. The uniform-in-bandwidth consistency for estimators of the conditional
density and the conditional hazard rate functions are also derived from our main result. Moreover, the logarithm laws we establish
are shown to yield almost sure simultaneous asymptotic confidence bands for the functions we consider. Examples of confidence
bands obtained from simulated data are displayed.
相似文献
77.
78.
This review is a broad overview of the chemistry of 2-tosylacetonitrile, which considered as a very reactive synthetic compound. The synthetic methods are reported. The reactions of the title compound lead to the preparation of a variety of heterocyclic ring systems, such as five- and six-membered ring systems containing one, two, or three heteroatoms. The reaction mechanisms are discussed. 相似文献
79.
80.
Estimation of rating classes and default probabilities in credit risk models with dependencies 下载免费PDF全文
Let Y = m(X) + ε be a regression model with a dichotomous output Y and a one‐step regression function m . In the literature, estimators for the three parameters of m , that is, the breakpoint θ and the levels a and b , are proposed for independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) observations. We show that these standard estimators also work in a non‐i.i.d. framework, that is, that they are strongly consistent under mild conditions. For that purpose, we use a linear one‐factor model for the input X and a Bernoulli mixture model for the output Y . The estimators for the split point and the risk levels are applied to a problem arising in credit rating systems. In particular, we divide the range of individuals' creditworthiness into two groups. The first group has a higher probability of default and the second group has a lower one. We also stress connections between the standard estimator for the cutoff θ and concepts prevalent in credit risk modeling, for example, receiver operating characteristic. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献