A Generalization of Intersection Formulae of Integral Geometry

We establish extensions of the Crofton formula and, under some restrictions, of the principal kinematic formula of integral geometry from curvature measures to generalized curvature measures of convex bodies. We also treat versions for finite unions of convex bodies. As a consequence, we get a new intuitive interpretation of the area measures of Aleksandrov and Fenchel–Jessen.     

基于委托—代理理论的自然灾害保险模型

灾害保险是筹措防灾救灾资金的重要手段之一，文章运用博弈论中的委托—代理理论建立自然灾害的保险模型，对有关自然灾害的最优保险费率的确定及其特征进行了研究，为开展自然灾害的保险业务提供理论依据     

Compensating Large PMD by Four Free degrees in an OTDM System

In this paper, by introducing a two-stages polarization mode dispersion (PMD) compensator after a optical fiber link with a large PMD, we compensated over 270ps first-order and 2000ps2 high-order PMD in a optical fiber link with super high PMD. Our experimental results shows that, the compensators based on the two-stages of compensator can be used to PMD compensation in a 20Gb/s OTDM system with 60 km high PMD fiber. Before compensation,270ps DGD is became into max. 7ps after compensation. At simultaneity, the tunable FBG have a function of dispersion compensation.     

Time-invariant portfolio strategies in structured products with guaranteed minimum equity exposure

We introduce a new exotic option to be used within structured products to address a key disadvantage of standard time-invariant portfolio protection: the well-known cash-lock risk. Our approach suggests enriching the framework by including a threshold in the allocation mechanism so that a guaranteed minimum equity exposure (GMEE) is ensured at any point in time. To be able to offer such a solution still with hard capital protection, we apply an option-based structure with a dynamic allocation logic as underlying. We provide an in-depth analysis of the prices of such new exotic options, assuming a Heston–Vasicek-type financial market model, and compare our results with other options used within structured products. Our approach represents an interesting alternative for investors aiming at downsizing protection via time-invariant portfolio protection strategies, meanwhile being also afraid to experience a cash-lock event triggered by market turmoils.     

Multiple nontrivial solutions for nonlinear eigenvalue problems

In this paper we study a nonlinear eigenvalue problem driven by the -Laplacian. Assuming for the right-hand side nonlinearity only unilateral and sign conditions near zero, we prove the existence of three nontrivial solutions, two of which have constant sign (one is strictly positive and the other is strictly negative), while the third one belongs to the order interval formed by the two opposite constant sign solutions. The approach relies on a combination of variational and minimization methods coupled with the construction of upper-lower solutions. The framework of the paper incorporates problems with concave-convex nonlinearities.

     

Rigidity Theorem of Hypersurfaces with Constant Scalar Curvature in a Unit Sphere

In this paper, we give a characterization of tori S^1 （ √ nr＋2-n/nr）×S^n-1（√ n-2/nr） and S^m （ √n/m ） ×S^n-m （√n-m/n）. Our result extends the result due to Li （1996）on the condition that M is an n-dimensional complete hypersurface in Sn＋1 with two distinct principal curvatures. Keywords principal curvature, Clifford torus, Gauss equations     

Neutral desorption sampling coupled to extractive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry for rapid differentiation of biosamples by metabolomic fingerprinting

It is of increasing interest and practical importance to develop convenient methods based on mass spectrometry for high-throughput analyses of biological samples. This is usually difficult because of the complex matrix and ion suppression effects. Generation of ions at ambient conditions is a promising solution to these problems because the sample is easily accessible and the ion suppression effect is reduced significantly. A new method for rapid on-line detection of metabolic markers in complex biological samples is described here. It combines atmospheric pressure desorption sampling by a gentle stream of air or nitrogen with extractive electrospray ionization (EESI) and mass spectrometric analysis. The resulting mass spectral fingerprints are shown to be able to detect spoilage of meat even in the frozen (-20 degrees C) state and the contamination of spinach by E. coli, and to identify metabolites and contaminants on human skin within seconds, in an on-line and high-throughput fashion. Typical molecular markers are identified using MS/MS data and by comparison with reference compounds. Differences between closely related samples are easily visualized by using principal component analysis (PCA) of the mass spectra data. The detection limit achieved is 10 fg/cm2 (S/N = 3) for histamine on the surface of frozen meat. The technique reported here shows potential for more advanced applications in multiple disciplines, including food regulation, homeland security, in vivo metabolomics, and clinical diagnosis.     

Desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry of intact bacteria

Desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) mass spectrometry (MS) was used to differentiate seven bacteria species on the basis of their measured DESI-mass spectral profile. Both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria were tested and included Escherichia coli, Staphyloccocus aureus, Enterococcus sp., Bordetella bronchiseptica, Bacillus thuringiensis, Bacillus subtilis and Salmonella typhimurium. Distinct DESI-mass spectra, in the mass range of 50-500 u, were obtained from whole bacteria in either positive or negative ion modes in less than 2 mins analysis time. Positive ion DESI-mass spectral fingerprints were compared using principal components analysis (PCA) to investigate reproducibility for the intraday and the day-to-day measurements and the method selectivity to differentiate the bacteria studied. Detailed study of variances in the assay revealed that a large contribution to the DESI-mass spectral fingerprint variation was the growth media preparation procedure. Specifically, experiments conducted with the growth media prepared using the same batch yielded highly reproducible DESI-mass spectra, both in intraday and in day-to-day analyses (i.e. one batch of growth media used over a 3-day period versus a new batch every day over the same 3-day period). Conclusions are drawn from our findings in terms of strategies for rapid biodetection with DESI-MS.     

Comparison of performance of partial least squares regression,secured principal component regression,and modified secured principal component regression for determination of human serum albumin, γ-globulin and glucose in buffer solutions and in vivo blood glucose quantification by near-infrared spectroscopy

The performances of three multivariate analysis methods—partial least squares (PLS) regression, secured principal component regression (sPCR) and modified secured principal component regression (msPCR)—are compared and tested for the determination of human serum albumin (HSA), γ-globulin, and glucose in phosphate buffer solutions and blood glucose quantification by near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. Results from the application of PLS, sPCR and msPCR are presented, showing that the three methods can determine the concentrations of HSA, γ-globulin and glucose in phosphate buffer solutions almost equally well provided that the prediction samples contain the same spectral information as the calibration samples. On the other hand, when some potential spectral features appear in new measurements, sPCR and msPCR outperform PLS significantly. The reason for this is that such spectral features are not included during calibration, which leads to a degradation in PLS prediction performance, while sPCR and msPCR can improve their predictions for the concentrations of the analytes by removing the uncalibrated features from the original spectra. This point is demonstrated by successfully applying sPCR and msPCR to in vivo blood glucose measurements. This work therefore shows that sPCR and msPCR may provide possible alternatives to PLS in cases where some uncalibrated spectral features are present in measurements used for concentration prediction.     

Mixed mode fatigue crack growth in test coupons made from 2024-T3 aluminum

In this paper, two different fracture criteria are applied to determine the crack trajectory or angle of crack propagation in test specimens containing inclined cracks emanating from open holes. Also, different crack growth rate models are assumed for each criterion. The maximum principal stress criterion is used with a crack growth-rate equation based on an effective stress intensity factor. The strain energy density criterion is used with a crack growth-rate equation corresponding to an effective strain energy density factor. The crack growth-rate models for each criterion were constructed using unpublished fatigue crack growth data for 2024-T3 aluminum.