Accuracy and CPU time of JE-TLM,PLRC-TLM and CRC-TLM methods for plasma medium

The current density (JE), the piecewise linear recursive convolution (PLRC) and the constant convolution recursive (CRC) techniques are developed and integrated into the transmission line matrix (TLM) algorithm. A comparison of these three schemes according to the criteria of accuracy and CPU time is presented. Numerical experiments show that JE provides the most accurate solution and requires the least CPU time; PLRC is nearly as accurate but consumes more CPU time than CRC.     

Growth characteristics of spherical titanium oxide nanoparticles during the rapid gaseous detonation reaction

The nanosize grain growth characteristics of spherical single-crystal titanium oxide (TiO₂) during the rapid gaseous detonation reaction are discussed. Based on the experimental conditions and the Chapman–Jouguet theory, the Kruis model was introduced to simulate the growth characteristics of spherical TiO₂ nanoparticles obtained under high pressure, high temperature and by rapid reaction. The results show that the numerical analysis can satisfactorily predict the growth characteristics of spherical TiO₂ nanoparticles with diameters of 15–300 nm at different affecting factors, such as concentration of particles, reaction temperature and time, which are in agreement with the obtained experimental results. We found that the increase of the gas-phase reaction temperature, time, and particle concentration affects the growth tendency of spherical nanocrystal TiO₂, which provides effective theoretical support for the controllable synthesis of multi-scale nanoparticles.     

Importance of verifying queue model assumptions before planning with simulation software

This case study uses empirical data gathered at an Australian refinery to verify the assumptions for queue distributions before using special-purpose software to plan the off-road-truck hauling of titanium dioxide to a refinery (n = 773). Easy-to-use spreadsheet software is utilized to verify assumptions for queue models. Managers are able to make decisions based on economic implications of queue models to avoid making costly planning mistakes. Analysts can use nonparametric hypothesis-testing techniques to verify distribution assumptions for optimization without having to write hard-to-maintain and complex algebraic linear equations or nonlinear search routines.     

Classroom note: Using the binomial series to prove the arithmetic mean–geometric mean inequality

In 1968, Leon Gerber compared (1 + x) ^a to its kth partial sum as a binomial series. His result is stated and, as an application of this result, a proof of the arithmetic mean–geometric mean inequality is presented.     

Experimental study and numerical modeling of brittle fracture of carbonate rock under uniaxial compression

The brittle carbonate rock taken from the Tarim Oilfield is tested in laboratory under uniaxial compression. The acoustic emission (AE) is used to monitor the microcracking activity in rock during the experiment. Moreover, the 3D tomograms of carbonate rock after uniaxial compression are obtained by using CT imaging technology, which indicates that microcracks mutually interconnect and eventually form macroscopic fractures after failure. The PFC2D is used to model the behavior of brittle rock including microcracks propagation. The stress–strain curve and cracks distribution in rock model are obtained from the PFC simulation. The numerical results agree with the experimental test well.     

蒙特卡罗计算中颗粒型燃料的随机分布模型比较

高温气冷堆是新一代反应堆系统的热门候选堆型，已经受到国际上越来越多的关注。为设计和分析这种堆型，因其特有的包覆颗粒燃料引入了双重非均匀性，需要应用随机分布模型。对粗网格模型、细网格随机(FLS)模型、随机顺序添加(RSA)模型、子网格随机(Sub-FLS)模型和Metropolis模型等进行了研究，通过计算分析比较给出了各种模型的优缺点。结果表明:子网格随机模型和连续的RSA模型非常接近参考值，但是连续RSA模型的建模时间随着燃料体积份额的增加连续快速上升。 Key words: coated particle fuels; stochastic transport model; Monte Carlo; random distribution     

Equivalent nonlinear beam model for the 3-D analysis of shear-type buildings: Application to aeroelastic instability

Tower buildings can be very sensitive to dynamic actions and their dynamic analysis is usually carried out numerically through sophisticated finite element models. In this paper, an equivalent nonlinear one-dimensional shear–shear–torsional beam model immersed in a three-dimensional space is introduced to reproduce, in an approximate way, the dynamic behavior of tower buildings. It represents an extension of a linear beam model recently introduced by the authors, accounting for nonlinearities generated by the stretching of the columns. The constitutive law of the beam is identified from a discrete model of a 3D-frame, via a homogenization process, which accounts for the rotation of the floors around the tower axis. The macroscopic shear strain in the equivalent beam is produced by the bending of columns, accompanied by negligible rotation of the floors. A coupled nonlinear shear–torsional mechanical model is thus obtained. The coupling between shear and torsion is related to a non-symmetric layout of the columns, while mechanical nonlinearities are proportional to the slenderness of the columns. The model can be used for the analysis of the response of tower buildings to any kind of dynamic and static excitation. A first application is here presented to investigate the effect of mechanical and aerodynamic coupling on the critical galloping conditions and on the postcritical behavior of tower buildings, based on a quasi-steady model of aerodynamic forces.     

运用CAFP教学提升学生化学意志素质的教学案例

鉴于当前学生化学意志素质缺乏的问题，探讨以认知、情绪唤醒、情感、意志为主控目标，在预习、尝试学习、交错搭配合作学习中，开展CAFP教学研究，以促成情意因素对认知的调动、动力、强化等功能。     

考虑运动受限的履带式移动机器人轨迹跟踪控制

针对履带式移动机器人的轨迹跟踪控制问题进行研究,首先,建立了履带式移动机器人的运动学模型和跟踪误差模型；其次,设计了转速有限时间控制和线速度滑模控制的轨迹跟踪控制律,并给出了考虑运动受限作用下的控制律修正表达式；最后,基于MATLAB对所提控制律进行仿真,对比分析了不考虑运动受限情况下跟踪控制效果;结果表明,设计的跟踪控制律能够实现履带式移动机器人对圆轨迹的有效跟踪,且考虑运动受限作用的控制律更加符合实际;文章研究分析了运动受限作用对于移动机器人轨迹跟踪控制的影响,分析结果对其他移动机器人的运动控制研究具有参考价值。