直线段的重力场匹配水下导航新方法

针对当前重力场匹配算法在实时性和可用性上存在的不足,考虑到潜艇水下航行轨迹在短时间内为一条直线的特点,提出了一种基于直线段方式进行重力图形匹配的新方法。该方法通过以初始概略点位为中心的旋转搜索,选取满足在一条直线段上与测量点的重力误差在一定范围内的点集作为最终匹配点,并以实测海区数据为基础进行了实验验证。实验结果表明,这种基于直线段的重力场匹配新方法可以在一定程度上克服由于重力测量精度不够带来的匹配失效问题,能够获得很好的匹配效果,同时也解决了当前其它匹配算法在实时性上存在的突出问题。匹配算法在实时性和可用性上具有一定创新。     

基于单元的静力区间有限元法

在许多工程问题中 ,结构参数和荷载具有某种程度的误差或不确定性。若不将它们定量化或模型化加以考虑 ,就不能作出合理的分析和设计。考虑到有限元法在科学界和工程界的广泛应用 ,本文以连续梁结构为例 ,建立了基于单元的静力区间有限元法。为了说明本方法的有效性 ,本文给出了一个数值例子 ,并把所得结果与文献 [1 2 ]进行了比较。     

舰载导弹用捷联惯导系统校准技术研究

舰载导弹惯导系统初始对准结束后即转入待机发射状态，为了保证导弹长时间待机发射后惯导系统的导航精度，惯导系统在待机过程中需要进行校准。针对舰载导弹武器系统作战使用要求，进行了导弹惯导系统射前校准技术研究，设计了一种采用速度匹配方法对惯导系统进行校准的方案，给出了校准滤波器的模型和校准过程中的修正方法。通过舰载试验对该方案进行了试验验证，试验结果表明该方案具有校准时间短、校准精度高、可以适应舰船各种机动航行等优点，保证了舰载导弹惯导系统长时间待机发射后的导航定位精度。     

Peculiarities of rheological behavior of filled polymer melts in uniaxial stretching

The peculiarities of theological behavior of filled polymer melts in uniaxial extension in a wide range of strain rates (from 2× 10^–5 to 1 × 10^–1 s^–1) have been studied. Linear polyethylene and 1,4-polybutadiene containing up to 21.5 vol.% of carbon black, silica, calcium carbonate or glass fibers were used. It has been found that the transition from uniform to nonunion stretching due to the neck formation is typical of all specimen compositions, when they approach steady-state straining. Depending on the structure and rheological characteristics of the compositions general conditions for this transition have been established. The general regularities for varying the rheological characteristics of filled polymers in the course of their uniform stretching have been recognized. These regularities depend on the molecular characteristics of the polymer matrix and the presence in the compositions of the structural framework of high disperse filler or the network formed by the entangled fibers. Using polyethylene compositions it has been shown that the introduction of small amounts of disperse or fibrous fillers can give rise to acceleration of the relaxation process in filled polymers.     

基于静态信息结构损伤定位的模式匹配法

为对结构损伤进行准确的定位,本文从有限元基本方程出发,将结构损伤程度变量从测点位移列阵中分离出来,从而定义了标志损伤位置的损伤向量,通过求解实测位移列阵与损伤向量的相关系数,可以准确地进行损伤定位。文末算例说明即使在考虑测量误差的情况下本文方法也有很高的准确性。     

The \vec\omega-\vec{D} fluid: general theory with special emphasis on stationary two dimensional flows

In this paper a theory is presented in which the extra stress tensor is allowed to depend not only on the rate of strain tensor but also on the relative vorticity of the fluid, i.e. on the vorticity relative to the rate of rotation of the principal straining directions. This theory has its origin in an expansion of in terms of kinematic tensors in the limit of stationarity in a material sense (constant stretch history flows). For two dimensional flows of an incompressible fluid three tensors suffice to completely specify . The three material functions which appear can depend only on two invariants, namely the second invariant of and on . Using the predictions of an Oldroyd 8 constant fluid in a homogeneous planar flow of constant stretch history, the three material functions are studied in detail. For the special case of a quasi-Newtonian fluid shear thinning and extension thickening can directly be accounted for in the “viscosity” function. Received: September 26, 1996     

Nonlinear viscoelasticity of polymer melts in different types of flow

The nonlinear viscoelastic properties of a fairly large class of polymeric fluids can be described with the factorable single integral constitutive equation. For this class of fluids, a connection between the rheological behaviour in different flow geometries can be defined if the strain tensor (or the damping function) is expressed as a function of the invariants of a tensor which describes the macroscopic strain, such as the Finger tensor. A number of these expressions, proposed in the literature, are tested on the basis of the measuring data for a low-density polyethylene melt. In the factorable BKZ constitutive equation the strain-energy function must be expressed as a function of the invariants of the Finger tensor. The paper demonstrates that the strain-energy function can be calculated from the simple shear and simple elongation strain measures, if it is assumed to be of the shape proposed by Valanis and Landel. The measuring data for the LDPE melt indicate that the Valanis-Landel hypothesis concerning the shape of the strainenergy function is probably not valid for polymer melts.     

Propagation mechanism of dust detonations

This paper summarizes the studies on dust detonations at the Stosswellenlabor of RWTH Aachen since 1987. The onset and propagation mechanism of heterogeneous dust detonations are similar to those of marginal gas phase detonations. A self-sustained dust detonation has transverse wave structures that provide the coupling between shock and reaction. Large transition distances and transverse wave spacings require large sized tubes for the propagation of self-sustained dust detonations. The Hugoniot analysis of the Chapman-Jouguet detonation predicts equilibrium detonation states being in reasonable agreement with the self-sustained dust detonations observed. Shock matching calculations at the triple point adequately determine the wave structures of those stable dust detonations.This article was processed using Springer-Verlag T_EX Shock Waves macro package 1.0 and the AMS fonts, developed by the American Mathematical Society.     

Intense bending waves in a bar

Summary In this paper, the work presented in [1] is extended to study higher-order approximations of nonlinear effects in a bar. It has been found that long bending waves, being the low-frequency modes involved in resonant triads, are stable against small perturbations. Consequently, a bending wave with group velocity which is less than that of longitudinal waves should behave as a linear quasi-harmonic wavetrain. On the other hand, one may expect self-modulation instability of intense bending wavetrains during the long-time evolution. This paper overcomes such a contradiction. To describe the nonlinear dynamics in detail, one should allow for higher-order approximation effects in the model. Such effects are associated with the diffusion of linear wave packets due to different group velocities, and amplitude dispersion caused by nonlinearity. Within the second-order approximation analysis, an amplitude modulation is indeed experienced for intense bending waves. As a result, envelope solitons can be formed from unstable bending wavetrains. The group matching of long longitudinal and short bending waves, being a particular case of the self-modulation, is of special interest as a limit case of the triple-wave resonant interactions. It demonstrates the relation between the first- and the second-order approximation effects. Accepted for publication 20 July 1996     

地磁辅助惯性导航系统的数据融合算法

对地磁辅助导航技术的基本原理进行分析，详细介绍了采样卡尔曼滤波算法并将其用于惯性／地磁导航系统的数据融合，即通过设计少量的sigma点，并计算这些sigma点通过非线性函数的变换，从而获得滤波值基于非线性状态方程的更新。仿真表明，特别是当系统非线性较大时，采样卡尔曼器性能明显优于扩展卡尔曼滤波器。因此，从某种程度上说，采样卡尔曼滤波可以替代扩展卡尔曼滤波在地磁辅助导航系统中使用。