应用数码相机进行水稻氮营养诊断

传统的水稻氮营养诊断需要大量的破坏性取样和实验室分析,SPAD叶绿素仪虽然具有较高的精度,但只能测定叶片的很小一部分,需要进行多点的测试,在大面积应用费时费力,时效性和便捷性不足.该文利用田间不同氮水平试验,使用数码相机获取了水稻冠层图像并进行色彩分析,研究了利用可见光遥感技术手段进行水稻冠层的氮营养诊断的可行性,并对表征水稻氮营养状况的可见光光谱诊断指标进行了探索.研究结果表明,数字图像红光值(R)、绿光值(G)和红光标准化值(NRI)与水稻氮营养状况常规诊断指标植株全氮含量、生物量和地上部吸氮量等都旱显著的线性反相关关系,而绿光标准化值则与上述指标呈显著正相关关系.红光标准化值与叶绿素仪SPAD读数相比能更好地表征水稻幼穗期的氮素营养状况,与常规测试指标的相关系数介于0.541～0.780之间.数字图像色彩分析技术具有发展成为新一代作物氮营养诊断手段的潜力.     

高中化学课堂教学互动现状调查与问题对策

从师生互动、生生互动、与人工教学制品互动3个维度调查了目前高中化学教学互动现状,分析了存在的主要问题及其原因,提出了充分认识教学互动功能、优化教学互动策略、提升教学互动技能、完善评价方式等解决问题的对策。     

Dynamic nuclear polarization properties of nitroxyl radicals used in Overhauser-enhanced MRI for simultaneous molecular imaging

DNP parameters relevant to Overhauser-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (OMRI) are reported for a few nitroxyl radicals and their corresponding (15)N and (2)H enriched analogues, used in simultaneous imaging by OMRI. DNP enhancement was measured at 14.529 mT, using a custom-built scanner operating in a field-cycled mode, for different concentrations, ESR irradiation times and RF power levels. DNP enhancements increased with agent concentration up to 2.5 mM and decreased above 3 mM, in tune with ESR line broadening measured at X-band as a function of the agent concentration. The proton spin-lattice relaxation times (T(1)) measured at very low Zeeman field (14.529 mT) and the longitudinal relaxivity parameters were estimated. The relaxivity parameters were in good agreement with those independently computed from the linear region of the concentration dependent enhancement. The leakage factor showed an asymptotic increase with increasing agent concentration. The coupling parameters of (14)N- and (15)N-labeled carbamoyl-PROXYL showed the interaction between the electron and nuclear spins to be mainly dipolar in origin. Upon (2)H labeling, about 70% and 40% increases in enhancement for (15)N- and (14)N-labeled nitroxyl agents were observed, respectively. It is envisaged that the results reported here may enable better understanding of the factors determining DNP enhancement to design suitable 'beacons' for simultaneous molecular imaging by OMRI.     

水溶液中二氧化碳电还原技术的发展现状、挑战及对策

二氧化碳(CO₂)电化学还原利用CO₂生产低碳燃料,能够实现可再生能源存储同时降低温室气体排放对环境的负面影响,因而成为了近年里一个甚受瞩目的研究与开发热点. 尽管以往科学家关于催化剂活性、产物选择性以及反应机理的基础研究已做了广泛的报道,但对催化稳定性和电化学反应器系统的设计及实用性方面还未给予充分重视. 本文针对影响低温水溶液中二氧化碳电化学还原技术实用化的上述两个重要因素, 从技术应用需求角度出发,在概述发展现状基础上,总结归纳了主要存在的技术挑战,对未来研究方向提出了建议性对策.     

基于多变量统计分析的冬小麦长势高光谱估算研究

利用高光谱分析技术实现冬小麦长势的准确、无损监测具有重要的实践意义。基于连续两年的氮素运筹试验,通过获取叶面积指数(LAI)、地上干生物量(AGDB)、地上鲜生物量(AGFB)、植株含水量(PWC)、叶绿素密度(CH.D)和氮素积累量(ANC)六个冬小麦长势指标及冬小麦冠层高光谱,引入主成分分析法(PCA)构建可表征冬小麦长势的综合长势指标(CGI),并结合偏最小二乘回归法(PLSR)构建CGI的高光谱估测模型。结果表明,除植株含水量外,其他长势指标与所构建的CGI都达到极显著水平,表明利用CGI可以表征各长势指标信息。对比CGI和其他各长势指标的PLSR模型表现可知,CGI光谱监测模型表现最优(R2=0.802,RMSE=1.268,RPD=2.015),也具有较高的预测精度和稳健度(R2=0.672,RMSE=1.732,RPD=1.489)。表明基于PCA方法所构建的CGI可以表征冬小麦长势,利用PLSR方法可以实现对冬小麦长势的准确监测,且监测效果要优于单一的冬小麦长势指标。     

考虑部件相关性的斜拉桥状态评估

为提高斜拉桥评估可靠性,开展考虑部件相关性的斜拉桥状态评估研究.首先建立斜拉桥系统各部件故障传递有向图,基于Pagerank算法分析各部件相关性,得到部件的影响度和被影响度;其次,针对人工检查指标,建立分段线性扣分评定标准,针对健康监测指标,根据力学模型设定主梁挠度和索力的评定标准;最后,考虑部件单独产生的故障率和其他...     

A UoI-Optimal Policy for Timely Status Updates with Resource Constraint

Timely status updates are critical in remote control systems such as autonomous driving and the industrial Internet of Things, where timeliness requirements are usually context dependent. Accordingly, the Urgency of Information (UoI) has been proposed beyond the well-known Age of Information (AoI) by further including context-aware weights which indicate whether the monitored process is in an emergency. However, the optimal updating and scheduling strategies in terms of UoI remain open. In this paper, we propose a UoI-optimal updating policy for timely status information with resource constraint. We first formulate the problem in a constrained Markov decision process and prove that the UoI-optimal policy has a threshold structure. When the context-aware weights are known, we propose a numerical method based on linear programming. When the weights are unknown, we further design a reinforcement learning (RL)-based scheduling policy. The simulation reveals that the threshold of the UoI-optimal policy increases as the resource constraint tightens. In addition, the UoI-optimal policy outperforms the AoI-optimal policy in terms of average squared estimation error, and the proposed RL-based updating policy achieves a near-optimal performance without the advanced knowledge of the system model.     

一类多站循环服务系统的状态与状态转移

探讨具有如下特征的多站循环服务系统：（１）队列容量有限;（２）每次服务对象受限;（３）实施非门限方式。论述的主要内容有：系统与队列运行特点;队列在服务期间的状态转移;队列在周期中的状态与状态转移;系统与队列的有关参量近似求解。     

一种企业综合自动化教学科研平台方案

给出了基于知识库、企业动态模型以及状态、扰动事件反馈的企业综合自动化教学、科研实验平台方案.该平台可以提供给用户企业信息系统集成,生产过程优化,企业综合自动化实验环境,并且可以进行企业动态模型,基于面向对象的知识库构建研发实验.     

温室作物长势的光谱学诊断方法研究与仪器开发

利用便携式光谱辐射仪测量了温室栽培黄瓜叶片的光谱反射率,相关分析结果表明：527 和762 nm是可用来预测叶片氮素含量的敏感波长。利用敏感波长处的反射率,生成了归一化颜色指数(NDCI),并建立了基于NDCI的黄瓜叶片氮素含量预测模型,模型的相关系数达到了0.881。在上述研究的基础上,开发了一种基于光导纤维的便携式作物长势诊断仪。仪器主要包括四个部分：反射光采集系统、测光单元、信号调理电路和数据采集系统。从作物表面反射的自然光经过光纤传输至光电转换单元,经滤光后得到所需要的敏感波长,光电器件将光信号转变为电信号,然后根据预测模型判别作物的生长状态。标定试验结果表明,仪器所测的光谱数据与作物叶绿素含量之间存在显著的线性关系。