Production of Bacillus sphaericus entomopathogenic biomass using brewery residues

The use of brewery residues—yeast and trub—has been evaluated aiming to minimize the costs of the industrial production of Bacillus sphaericus-based bioinsecticide. Both brewery residues promoted growth and sporulation of the three B. sphaericus strains that were isolated from Brazilian soils (S1, S2, and S20). However, distinct growth and sporulation behaviors were observed in relation to the different nutritional conditions and strain used. The maximum sporulation percentage was obtained through the cultivation of S20 strain in brewery residual yeast. In general, the entomopathogenic biomasses produced showed good results for toxicity to Culex larvae. The minimum values of larvae population (LC50) were observed for the S20 strain grown on yeast brewery residue-containing media. After fermentation, a considerable decrease in the organic material of alternative media was verified, although the residual values were still higher than that considered appropriate for effluent discharge.     

基于产业结构和能源视角的浙江省经济增长的实证分析

本文从Solow模型出发,同时将产业结构、能源和对外贸易因子纳入到Cobb-Douglas生产函数中,建立主成分回归模型,实证研究了产业结构和能源消费对经济增长的作用程度.本文同时基于能源与产业结构的分析,是对已有研究的一次有益尝试.回归结果显示:产业结构因素和能源因素对浙江省经济增长较其他因素具有较强的正向带动作用.最后,本文给出了相关建议,建议相关部门尤其要做好产业结构优化升级与能源消费结构优化的"两手抓"工作。     

Surface,Interface and Structure Optimization of Metal-Organic Frameworks: Towards Efficient Resourceful Conversion of Industrial Waste Gases

Industrial waste gas emissions from fossil fuel over-exploitation have aroused great attention in modern society. Recently, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been developed in the capture and catalytic conversion of industrial exhaust gases such as SO₂, H₂S, NO_x, CO₂, CO, etc. Based on these resourceful conversion applications, in this review, we summarize the crucial role of the surface, interface, and structure optimization of MOFs for performance enhancement. The main points include (1) adsorption enhancement of target molecules by surface functional modification, (2) promotion of catalytic reaction kinetics through enhanced coupling in interfaces, and (3) adaptive matching of guest molecules by structural and pore size modulation. We expect that this review will provide valuable references and illumination for the design and development of MOF and related materials with excellent exhaust gas treatment performance.     

A Comparative Study of Pyrolysis Liquids by Slow Pyrolysis of Industrial Hemp Leaves,Hurds and Roots

This study assessed the pyrolysis liquids obtained by slow pyrolysis of industrial hemp leaves, hurds, and roots. The liquids recovered between a pyrolysis temperature of 275–350 °C, at two condensation temperatures 130 °C and 70 °C, were analyzed. Aqueous and bio-oil pyrolysis liquids were produced and analyzed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and atmospheric pressure photoionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (APPI FT-ICR MS). NMR revealed quantitative concentrations of the most abundant compounds in the aqueous fractions and compound groups in the oily fractions. In the aqueous fractions, the concentration range of acetic acid was 50–241 gL⁻¹, methanol 2–30 gL⁻¹, propanoic acid 5–20 gL⁻¹, and 1-hydroxybutan-2-one 2 gL⁻¹. GC-MS was used to compare the compositions of the volatile compounds and APPI FT-ICR MS was utilized to determine the most abundant higher molecular weight compounds. The different obtained pyrolysis liquids (aqueous and oily) had various volatile and nonvolatile compounds such as acetic acid, 2,6-dimethoxyphenol, 2-methoxyphenol, and cannabidiol. This study provides a detailed understanding of the chemical composition of pyrolysis liquids from different parts of the industrial hemp plant and assesses their possible economic potential.     

Ion mobility spectrometric analysis of vaporous chemical warfare agents by the instrument with corona discharge ionization ammonia dopant ambient temperature operation

The ion mobility behavior of nineteen chemical warfare agents (7 nerve gases, 5 blister agents, 2 lachrymators, 2 blood agents, 3 choking agents) and related compounds including simulants (8 agents) and organic solvents (39) was comparably investigated by the ion mobility spectrometry instrument utilizing weak electric field linear drift tube with corona discharge ionization, ammonia doping, purified inner air drift flow circulation operated at ambient temperature and pressure. Three alkyl methylphosphonofluoridates, tabun, and four organophosphorus simulants gave the intense characteristic positive monomer-derived ion peaks and small dimer-derived ion peaks, and the later ion peaks were increased with the vapor concentrations. VX, RVX and tabun gave both characteristic positive monomer-derived ions and degradation product ions. Nitrogen mustards gave the intense characteristic positive ion peaks, and in addition distinctive negative ion peak appeared from HN3. Mustard gas, lewisite 1, o-chlorobenzylidenemalononitrile and 2-mercaptoethanol gave the characteristic negative ion peaks. Methylphosphonyl difluoride, 2-chloroacetophenone and 1,4-thioxane gave the characteristic ion peaks both in the positive and negative ion mode. 2-Chloroethylethylsulfide and allylisothiocyanate gave weak ion peaks. The marker ion peaks derived from two blood agents and three choking agents were very close to the reactant ion peak in negative ion mode and the respective reduced ion mobility was fluctuated. The reduced ion mobility of the CWA monomer-derived peaks were positively correlated with molecular masses among structurally similar agents such as G-type nerve gases and organophosphorus simulants; V-type nerve gases and nitrogen mustards. The slope values of the calibration plots of the peak heights of the characteristic marker ions versus the vapor concentrations are related to the detection sensitivity, and within chemical warfare agents examined the slope values for sarin, soman, tabun and nitrogen mustards were higher. Some CWA simulants and organic solvents gave the ion peaks eluting at the similar positions of the CWAs, resulting in false positive alarms.     

流动注射分析法测定废水中的氰化物

建立流动注射分析法测定工业废水中氰化物浓度的方法。水样及试剂在蠕动泵的作用下进入管道,先后经过蒸馏模块与化学模块,最后进入检测模块得出系统处理后的数据。通过对实际样品和标准样品的分析得出该方法的检出限为1.55μg/L,相对误差小于5%。氰化物质量浓度在0~500μg/L范围内与信号值呈良好的线性关系,线性相关系数r2=0.999 9。测定结果的相对标准差为0.1%~3%(n=4),加标回收率为93.3%~102.0%。该方法实现了自动进样、在线蒸馏,具有分析速率快、试剂耗量少等优点,可用于水和废水中总氰化物的测定。     

Rise of the Robots

High-throughput experimentation (HTE) is a growing, enabling technology that allows the execution of large, parallel sets of experiments. Often, automation is required to dose compounds on milligram to sub-milligram scale, to run many parallel reactions, and to analyse large datasets. Unique approaches to screen design, implementation, and analysis are required, distinct from traditional synthetic organic chemistry. The discipline also presents a profitable opportunity for individual scientists to learn about and explore fields adjacent to chemistry, including data science, robotics and equipment engineering, and computer programming. This perspective presents the author's viewpoints on the field of HTE, its implementation within a chemistry career, and the automated future of organic chemistry technology.     

中国工业绿色全要素生产率特征要素及多元提升路径研究——基于fsQCA方法

本文以中国30个省、自治区、直辖市为案例样本,运用模糊集定性比较分析(fsQCA)方法,探讨影响中国区域工业绿色全要素生产率的多重并发性特征要素,并对提升工业绿色全要素生产率的前因组合路径进行比较分析。研究发现:市场型环境规制和信息化程度是提高工业绿色全要素生产率的关键因素;要素结构和行政型环境规制对工业绿色全要素生产率的提升无明显影响;经济发达地区可以加大工业企业研发投入以提高工业绿色全要素生产率,而经济欠发达地区可以加强排污费征收力度以实现工业绿色全要素生产率提升。     

Informationen

Compared are some of the properties of the solid state track detectors (SSTD) on the basis of nitrogen-free cellulose derivatives (cellulose acetate, triacetate and acetobutyrate), cellulose nitrate (LR-115, CN-85) and a CR-39 track detector. The optimum composition of the cellulose acetobutyrate has been established which will ensure the best mechanical properties. A simple device has been used to measure the α detection effectiveness over the energy range from 0 to 1.2 MeV of the cellulose acetobutyrate detectors in an electric field or under UV radiation or after catalytic etching. The proton detection effectiveness of the CN-85 detector has been measured. Also presented are the track autoradiograms of the distribution of B, Li, N and ³He in silicon, silicon carbide and steel.