集成原子光学及其原子芯片

随着原子激光冷却、囚禁与操控技术以及微米、纳米微电子制作技术的快速发展与不断完善,一个新兴的原子光学分支学科一“集成原子光学及其原子芯片”正在形成。本文重点介绍了集成原子光学及其原子芯片的集成方案、实验结果及其最新进展：包括表面微结构原子光学元器件、微磁结构集成原子光学、微光结构集成原子光学和微磁光结构集成原子光学及其原子芯片的设计方案与微制作技术及其最新实验结果。最后,简单总结了原子芯片的设计原则,讨论了芯片设计与研制中尚待解决的问题,并就集成原子光学的潜在应用及其未来发展作一简单展望。     

A stability theorem for symmetrically rational counterplanning

In the absence of contrary information, it would seem prudent for a competitor to attribute to his opponents the same level of rationality that he himself employs. In the context of a general, linear-quadratic, nonzero-sum, two-person game, it is shown that a counterplanning procedure consistent with this principle of symmetrical rationality always converges to the unique Nash equilibrium for the game.The work of R. Kalaba and L. Tesfatsion was partially supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. ENG-77-28432 and by the National Institutes of Health under Grant No. GM-23732-03.     

Fluorescence Polarization as a Functional Parameter in Monitoring Living Cells: Theory and Practice

The use of fluorescence polarization as a functional parameter in monitoring cellular activation calls for the reliable and accurate measurement of the fluorescence intensity and polarization (FI and FP) of microscopic objects. The relevant experimental parameters that enter such measurements are thoroughly discussed. The possibility of executing FP measurements properly by flow-through systems is compared with that of static cytometry. Remarks on the effects of high-power excitation on markers and cells conclude the paper.     

On desires and practical reasons

This paper challenges a common assumption about the relation between desires and practical reasons—namely, that if øing is an optimal way (or even just a way) for a person, P, to satisfy one of her desires, then P has a (normative) reason to ø. It challenges that assumption not by denying that desires are a source of practical reasons, but by showing that in some situations, rare though not impossible, P can lack a reason to ø despite having a desire that she could satisfy optimally by øing.     

The parameters of binary black hole system in PKS 1510-089

Observations of PKS 1510-089 indicate the existence of a deep flux minimum with a timescale of \sim 35 min and an interval of about 336±14 d. A binary black hole system is proposed to be at the nucleus of this object. The secondary black hole orbits around the primary black hole. The minimum is caused by the periodic eclipse of the primary black hole by the secondary black hole. Based on the observations of PKS 1510-089, we estimate the parameters of the binary black hole system. The masses for the primary and secondary black holes are 1. 37×10⁹M_{\odot} (M_{\odot} is the solar mass) and 1. 37 \times 10⁷M_{\odot} , and the major axis for this pair being about 0.1 parsec(pc).     

有限注意力下一类满意启发式决策的建模与理性分析

在决策者有限注意力下,现实生活中决策人的选择行为往往表现出一类“满意启发式”特征。基于个体决策者偏好的不完备性,借助方案集系列、考虑集等相关概念探讨了满意启发式决策规则的建模;论证了方案集系列可观与部分可观条件下一类满意决策函数的存在性,以及基于相关理性条件的理性特征,并结合顾客购买行为案例的仿真实验对所建立的满意决策模型进行了验证。仿真结果表明决策者在时间紧逼和信息不完整的情形下可以通过排除部分方案的方式保证以最大概率选到满意方案。研究结果可为现实生活中决策人在时间紧迫、信息缺失等情形下的选择提供一定的理论参考与指导,也可作为一类满意决策研究的理论基础。     

CFD-RANS prediction of individual exposure from continuous release of hazardous airborne materials in complex urban environments

One of the key issues of recent research on the dispersion inside complex urban environments is the ability to predict individual exposure (maximum dosages) of an airborne material which is released continuously from a point source. The present work addresses the question whether the computational fluid dynamics (CFD)–Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) methodology can be used to predict individual exposure for various exposure times. This is feasible by providing the two RANS concentration moments (mean and variance) and a turbulent time scale to a deterministic model. The whole effort is focused on the prediction of individual exposure inside a complex real urban area. The capabilities of the proposed methodology are validated against wind-tunnel data (CUTE experiment). The present simulations were performed ‘blindly’, i.e. the modeller had limited information for the inlet boundary conditions and the results were kept unknown until the end of the COST Action ES1006. Thus, a high uncertainty of the results was expected. The general performance of the methodology due to this ‘blind’ strategy is good. The validation metrics fulfil the acceptance criteria. The effect of the grid and the turbulence model on the model performance is examined.     

Modeling Human Motor Systems in Nonlinear Dynamics: Intentionality and Discrete Movement Behaviors

Attempts to understand human movement systems from the perspective of nonlinear dynamics have increased in recent years, although research has almost exclusively focused on modeling rhythmical movements as limit cycle oscillators. Only a limited amount of work has been undertaken on discrete movements, generally only in the form of numerical simulations and mathematical models. In this paper we briefly overview the key findings from previous research on movement systems as nonlinear dynamical systems, and report data from a behavioral experiment on the coordination observed in a prehension movement under both discrete and rhythmical conditions. In a rhythmical condition subjects grasped dowels in time to a metronomic beat, whereas in a discrete condition a target dowel was grasped within a predetermined movement time. A scanning procedure was implemented to monitor changes in the time of relative final hand closure during hand transport to the dowel. For each condition, a pre-test and post-test of 10 trials were also conducted either side of the scanning trial block. No effects between condition or trial block were noted and there was a large amount of within-subject variability in the coordination data. The findings support previous theoretical modeling suggesting that subject intentionality acts as a more powerful constraint on the intrinsic dynamics of the movement system in discrete compared to rhythmical conditions. The high levels of individual variability were interpreted as being due to the competition between specific and non-specific control parameters (e.g., the subject's intentionality and the metronomic beat). It is concluded that discrete prehension movements appear amenable to a nonlinear dynamical analysis. The data also point to the innovative use of within-subject analyses in future work modeling motor systems as nonlinear dynamical systems.     

差分—等级依赖效用模型研究

等级依赖效用模型在决策权重设置上存在理论缺陷;差分-等级依赖效用模型在有限理性假设下,考虑结果差分变化对决策权重的影响,提出基于差分的决策权重与概率权重的组合权重控制机制,可克服等级依赖效用模型的缺陷;针对差分-等级依赖效用模型的检验表明模型可很好解释拆分效应;差分-等级依赖效用模型保持了等级依赖效用模型的理论框架,可对人们的风险决策行为做出更好的解释和预测.     

基于损失厌恶的Littlewood容量控制准则

在传统的航空收益管理单航段两种票价等级的容量控制准则—Littlewood准则容量控制模型基础上考虑有限理性决策中的损失厌恶特性和参照依赖属性,以盈亏均衡点为基点,引入具有损失厌恶特征的效用函数,在Kahneman和Tversky预期理论(Prospect Theory,PT)的框架下,给出单航段两种票价等级的不同损失厌恶程度下高等级座位保护水平的计算公式.理论分析和数值算例均表明,随着损失厌恶程度的增加,在其他条件不变的前提下,高等级座位的保护水平将不断降低.