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71.
Barenblatt and Botvina with elegant dimensional analysis arguments have elucidated that Paris’ power-law is a weak form of scaling, so that the Paris’ parameters C and m should not be taken as material constants. On the contrary, they are expected to depend on all the dimensionless parameters of the problem, and are really “constants” only within some specific ranges of all these. In the present paper, the dimensional analysis approach by Barenblatt and Botvina is generalized to explore the functional dependencies of m and C on more dimensionless parameters than the original Barenblatt and Botvina, and experimental results are interpreted for a wider range of materials including both metals and concrete. In particular, we find that the size-scale dependencies of m and C and the resulting correlation between C and m are quite different for metals and for quasi-brittle materials, as it is already suggested from the fact the fatigue crack propagation processes lead to m=2-5 in metals and m=10-50 in quasi-brittle materials. Therefore, according to the concepts of complete and incomplete self-similarities, the experimentally observed breakdowns of the classical Paris’ law are discussed and interpreted within a unified theoretical framework. Finally, we show that most attempts to address the deviations from the Paris’ law or the empirical correlations between the constants can be explained with this approach. We also suggest that “incomplete similarity” corresponds to the difficulties encountered so far by the “damage tolerant” approach which, after nearly 50 years since the introduction of Paris’ law, is still not a reliable calculation of damage, as Paris himself admits in a recent review.  相似文献   
72.
针对属性权重信息不完全且属性取值为精确数,区间数和模糊数相结合的混合型多属性决策问题,提出了一种基于理想解的多属性决策的灰色关联分析方法.首先将三种不同形式的属性值均转化为区间数形式,然后依据灰色关联分析的思路,给出了解决该问题的计算步骤,其核心是构建并求解一个单目标最优化模型,得到每个方案与正、负理想方案的关联度,进而计算出每个方案对正理想方案的相对关联度,即可得到所有方案的排序结果.最后给出了一个数值例子,结果表明方法简单,有效和易于计算.  相似文献   
73.
对于一类目标函数中有无限个分式的广义分式规划,给出一个不完全Lagrange函数,并利用已有的最优性必要条件,在B-(p,r)-不变凸性的条件下,证明了鞍点最优性准则.  相似文献   
74.
Experimental data are always noisy and often incomplete. This leads to ambiguities if one wants to infer from the data some functions, which are related to the measured quantity through an integral equation of the first kind. In rheology many of such so-called ill-posed problems appear. Two techniques to treat such problems, the regularization method and the maximum entropy method, are applied to the determination of the relaxation spectrum from data of small oscillatory shear flow. With simulated data from a reference spectrum it is discussed how the inferred spectrum depends on the region, in which data are available. It turns out that information about the asymptotic behavior of the measured quantity can be of great help in determining the full spectrum also from incomplete data.Dedicated to Prof. Dr. J. Meissner on the occasion of his 60th birthday.  相似文献   
75.
Box-Behnken design has been popularly used for the second-order response surface model. It is formed by combining two-level factorial designs with incomplete block designs in a special manner—the treatments in each block are replaced by an identical design. In this paper, we construct small Box-Behnken design. These designs can fit the second-order response surface model with reasonably high efficiencies but with only a much smaller run size. The newly constructed designs make use of balanced incomplete block design (BIBD) or partial BIBD, and replace treatments partly by 2III3−1 designs and partly by full factorial designs. It is shown that the orthogonality properties in the original Box and Behnken designs will be kept in the new designs. Furthermore, we classify the parameters into groups and introduce Group Moment Matrix (GMM) to estimate all the parameters in each group. This allows us to significantly reduce the amount of computational costs in the construction of the designs.  相似文献   
76.
从阻尼边界条件声波散射问题的散射场远场模式的部分数据信息出发给出了反演声波阻尼系数的一种新方法,该问题既是非线性的又是不适定的,这里利用Tikhonov正则化方法将问题转化为一个最优化问题,成功地处理了第一类算子方程的不适定性及该问题的非线性性,给出了具体的数值方法并对其收敛性进行了严格地证明,数值结果表明该方法是非常准确且简单易行的.  相似文献   
77.
We show that even when the information structure is independent of the state of nature, the value of then-stage zero-sum game with incomplete information is not necessarily monotonie with respect to the length of the game. More precisely, we give an example of such ann-stage game in whichV 1 >V 2 <V 3.I am very grateful to Ehud Lehrer who introduced this question to me.  相似文献   
78.
The procedure UFAP is presented which allows a decision maker to interactively assess his von Neumann/Morgenstern single attribute utility function. UFAP puts special emphasis on potential biases in the assessment process. In the first part of the procedure three different assessment methods are used to derive ranges for the utility function. Using different methods enables us to point out a possible bias in the elicitation process. In the second part a consistent class of utility functions is derived based on the ranges assessed in the first part. In case inconsistencies between methods arise the decision maker has to reconsider selected preference statements previously given.  相似文献   
79.
Existence of LSs     
《组合设计杂志》2018,26(8):387-400
Let X be a ‐set and be a partition of X into n groups of size 2 and one group G0 of size 4. A large‐set‐plus denoted by LS is a partition of all ‐transverse triples of X into block sets of 3‐GDD(2n41)s with group set , and two block sets of 3‐GDD(2n)s with group set . In this paper, we study the existence problem of LSs and give a nearly complete solution.  相似文献   
80.
In this paper, we explore a novel approach for assessing the impact of a professional development programme on classroom practice of in-service middle school mathematics teachers. The particular focus of this study is the assessment of the impact on teachers’ employment of strategies used in the classroom to foster the mathematical habits of mind and mathematical self-efficacy of their students. We describe the creation and testing of a student survey designed to assess teacher classroom practice based primarily on students’ ratings of teacher practices.  相似文献   
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