青洲斜拉桥的基准动力有限元模型

讨论了斜拉桥有限元动力分析模型,给出了基于环境振动试验结果建立大跨度斜拉桥基准有限元模型的步骤;讨论了桥面初始平衡构型、几何非线性、桥面板、混凝土桥面板与钢梁的剪力连接和端部纵向约束对模型的影响。经通车前现场环境振动试验结果验证的青洲闽江斜拉桥三维有限元模型,反映了桥梁在运营前的真实动力行为,可作为该桥各种复杂响应分析和长期健康监测、使用状态评估的基准。     

Structural health monitoring and damage detection using an intelligent parameter varying (IPV) technique

Most structural health monitoring and damage detection strategies utilize dynamic response information to identify the existence, location, and magnitude of damage. Traditional model-based techniques seek to identify parametric changes in a linear dynamic model, while non-model-based techniques focus on changes in the temporal and frequency characteristics of the system response. Because restoring forces in base-excited structures can exhibit highly non-linear characteristics, non-linear model-based approaches may be better suited for reliable health monitoring and damage detection. This paper presents the application of a novel intelligent parameter varying (IPV) modeling and system identification technique, developed by the authors, to detect damage in base-excited structures. This IPV technique overcomes specific limitations of traditional model-based and non-model-based approaches, as demonstrated through comparative simulations with wavelet analysis methods. These simulations confirm the effectiveness of the IPV technique, and show that performance is not compromised by the introduction of realistic structural non-linearities and ground excitation characteristics.     

Translating Analytical Techniques in Geochemistry to Environmental Health

From human health exposure related to environmental contamination to ancient deep-Earth processes related to differentiation of the Earth’s geochemical reservoirs, the adaptability of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) has proven to be an indispensable standard technique that transcends disciplines. Continued advancements in ICP-MS, including improved auxiliary applications such as laser ablation (LA), ion/liquid chromatography (IC), automated pre-concentration systems (e.g., seaFAST), and improved desolvating nebulizer systems (e.g., Aridus and Apex) have revolutionized our ability to analyze almost any sample matrix with remarkable precision at exceedingly low elemental abundances. The versatility in ICP-MS applications allows for effective interdisciplinary crossover, opening a world of analytical possibilities. In this communication, we discuss the adaptability of geochemical techniques, including sample preparation and analysis, to environmental and biological systems, using Pb isotopes for source apportionment as a primary example.     

Thermographic inspection of a wind turbine rotor blade segment utilizing natural conditions as excitation source,Part I: Solar excitation for detecting deep structures in GFRP

This study evaluates whether subsurface features in rotor blades, mainly made of Glass Fibre Reinforced Plastics (GFRP), can generally be detected with “solar thermography”. First, the suitability of the sun is tested for acting as a heat source for applying active thermography on a 30 mm thick GFRP test specimen. Second, a defective rotor blade segment is inspected outdoors under ideal natural conditions using the sun as excitation source. Additionally, numerical FEM-simulations are performed and the comparability between experiment and simulation is evaluated for outdoor measurements.     

Composite Multiscale Cross-Sample Entropy Analysis for Long-Term Structural Health Monitoring of Residential Buildings

This study proposesd a novel, entropy-based structural health monitoring (SHM) system for measuring microvibration signals generated by actual buildings. A structural health diagnosis interface was established for demonstration purposes. To enhance the reliability and accuracy of entropy evaluation at various scales, composite multiscale cross-sample entropy (CMSCE) was adopted to increase the number of coarse-grained time series. The degree of similarity and asynchrony between ambient vibration signals measured on adjacent floors was used as an in-dicator for structural health assessment. A residential building that has been monitored since 1994 was selected for long-term monitoring. The accumulated database, including both the earthquake and ambient vibrations in each seismic event, provided the possibility to evaluate the practicability of the CMSCE-based method. Entropy curves obtained for each of the years, as well as the stable trend of the corresponding damage index (DI) graphs, demonstrated the relia-bility of the proposed SHM system. Moreover, two large earthquake events that occurred near the monitoring site were analyzed. The results revealed that the entropy values may have been slightly increased after the earthquakes. Positive DI values were obtained for higher floors, which could provide an early warning of structural instability. The proposed SHM system is highly stable and practical.     

UiO-66-NH_(2)@纤维素复合气凝胶用于保健品中西地那非的固相萃取北大核心CSCD

研究建立了一种基于UiO-66-NH_(2)@纤维素复合气凝胶的高灵敏度固相萃取新方法,与高效液相色谱法联用用于保健品中西地那非的检测。先将纤维素进行醛基和酰肼基的功能化,然后将两种功能化的纤维素通过交联并负载UiO-66-NH_(2)形成复合气凝胶。将此复合气凝胶作为固相萃取的吸附剂使用时,易于收集且不需要外加磁场或者抽真空的辅助作用,操作简单。研究对制备所得的UiO-66-NH_(2)@纤维素复合气凝胶进行了X-射线粉末衍射、扫描电镜、红外光谱和N_(2)吸附等表征,结果显示UiO-66-NH_(2)成功负载于气凝胶的孔道中,纤维素气凝胶掺杂了UiO-66-NH_(2)之后其孔道结构变得规整,并且比表面积增大。研究优化了复合气凝胶中UiO-66-NH_(2)的负载量对萃取的影响,高比例的负载量有利于西地那非的富集,并且最高的负载率为50%。研究优化了影响西地那非富集效率的实验条件,包括溶液pH、萃取时间、洗脱剂类型、洗脱时间、洗脱体积和离子强度。采用安捷伦Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18色谱柱(150 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)进行分离,以含0.1 mol/L三乙胺的磷酸盐水溶液(pH=6.50)-乙腈(30∶70,v/v)为流动相进行洗脱,检测波长为292 nm。在最佳的萃取条件下(pH为9.0,萃取时间为60 min,洗脱剂为乙腈,洗脱液体积为3×2 mL,洗脱时间为40 min),该分析方法的线性范围为10~2000 ng/mL(相关系数R^(2)=0.9949),检出限(LOD,S/N=3)为2.85 ng/mL,富集因子为59.17。将该方法用于保健品中西地那非的萃取,所得回收率为74.93%~89.12%,相对标准偏差为2.8%~5.3%,表明了方法的回收率和精密度良好,说明了该方法具有应用于保健品中西地那非日常检测的潜力。     

重复使用运载器预测与健康管理PHM技术研究

为了实现传统一次性运载火箭的可重复使用特性,提高重复使用运载器的安全性、可靠性及维修保障性,破解重复使用运载器研制难度大、技术风险高的难题,研究了一种重复使用运载器的预测与健康管理系统方案;该系统采用一种“机载-地面”辅助决策的系统设计方案,机载部分采用分层分布式的系统架构设计方案,地面部分采用区域管理和综合调度的设计方案,有效实现运载器在线式健康状态监测与诊断;重复使用运载器预测与健康管理设计方案的应用,确保运载器在全寿命周期内,实现在线实时故障检测、故障预测和健康评估,为故障处理、维修保障和系统操作优化提供决策支持,显著提升了重复使用运载器的安全性、可靠性、保障性和效费比。     

基于物联网技术的人体云健康监护及预警系统

针对传统医疗监护系统存在导联线过多,用户活动受限,预警、就医指导不足等问题。设计了基于基于物联网技术的人体云健康监护及预警系统,该系统以智能手机为预警显示平台,并结合穿戴式测技术和无线通信技术能有效实现多项生理参数的无创采集、移动传输、智能处理以及语音智能控制、预警等功能。实验表明该系统具有操作简单,可扩展性强、使用效果优等特点,为肢体残障者疾病预警提供了技术支撑,为个人、家庭、社区监护和远程医疗创造了条件。     

飞机综合健康管理系统的应用与发展

飞机综合健康管理技术的应用对于提高飞机的安全性、维护性、降低运营成本等具有重要意义。本文通过对相关文献的整理,归纳和总结了飞机综合健康管理系统的含义,梳理了飞机综合健康管理系统发展过程,并以综合健康管理系统在B787、A380以及F-35飞机的应用为典型案例,从系统架构、功能组成等方面详细阐述了综合健康管理系统在民用和军用飞机上的最新应用,最后对飞机综合健康管理系统的发展趋势进行了探讨和展望。希望通过本文能够使读者对飞机综合健康管理技术的发展历程、最新技术水平以及未来发展方向有更加详尽的了解,对我国开展相关技术领域的研究提供有力的帮助。     

Detecting structural changes with ARMA processes

ABSTRACT

In this paper, we discuss the application of autoregressive moving average (ARMA) processes in structural health monitoring. For this aim, we consider a linear system of differential equations driven by white noise, which could be seen as a continuous time model of an engineering structure under ambient excitation. A single component of the solution of such a system reflects the position or velocity of a fixed point of the observed structure. We first show that every such component behaves like an ARMA process. These considerations are illustrated by an example, where we show how the natural frequencies can be calculated from the process coefficients. However, the main focus of the paper lies in the detection of structural changes with ARMA processes. For this purpose, we propose a new distance measure that relies on the one-step prediction errors and some sampling strategies. Two case studies are included, which serve to demonstrate the performance of the proposed method. The first one is an off-duty steel truss railway bridge, followed by an in-depth study of an aluminium shear frame construction. In the latter case scenario, we show that the distance measure increases with increasing damage extent.