复方有机锗兽用保健促长剂的研究和开发应用

复方有机锗（Ｇｅ－１３２）兽用保健促长剂（肥猪宝）是将有机锗（Ｇｅ－１３２）创造性地应用在动物饲养上，在总结国内外先进专利技术基础上，经反复实验，开发出新一代动物保健型促长剂。具有增强免疫功能，促进细胞分裂及组织生长等作用，且不同于传统添加剂多数含抗生素，维生素及动物激素等。其特点是抗病防病能力强，生长迅速，肉料比高，且能防治生猪腹泻。本产品经四家养猪场对照实验，效果显著，日平均多增重１９３克比国     

痕量元素形态分析技术及其应用研究进展

近年来，痕量元素的形态分析发展速度很快，90年代后高效液相色谱分离、等离子体激发原子发射作为检测器得到广泛应用，HPLC与石墨炉AAS接口技术得到完善解决，一些灵敏而复杂的联用系统如双检测器等也逐渐得到迅速发展。文中对形态分析方法的最新发展及形态分析在环境监测、职业健康、医学及营养学等方面的应用进行了综述。引用文献30篇。     

Toxicity analysis of second use lithium-ion battery separator and electrolyte

Pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC-MS) test, smoke toxicity analysis and mouse biological toxicity test were carried out on the second use lithium-ion battery separator and electrolyte. It was found that the types of cracked products of separator and electrolyte under different state of health (SOH) were basically the same, mainly phosphoryl fluoride (POF₃) and long-chain F-containing alkanes, alcohols and esters. The content of POF₃ in the cracked product increases as the SOH increases. The toxic gas components released after the separator and the electrolyte are completely burned mainly include CO, CO₂, and HF. The HF content decreased as the battery SOH decreased, from 101.6 mg/g of the 100% SOH battery to 44.1 mg/g of the 65% SOH battery. In the biological toxicity test, all the mice were found to stop running, close eyes, shed tears, and have shortness of breath. After the test, only 65% SOH and 100% SOH mice recovered their body weight to the pre-experimental average state and gained weight.     

考虑患者个性化需求的医疗服务匹配决策方法

伴随着我国医疗服务事业的蓬勃发展,提升互联网医疗健康平台中医生和患者双方匹配的效率已经成为医疗服务领域中重要的问题之一。为此,本文针对考虑患者个性化需求的医疗服务匹配决策问题,提出了一种决策分析方法。首先,给出稳定和满意匹配方案的相关定义;在此基础上,根据患者个性化的需求类型,计算患者对医生的满意度;然后,根据医生提出的期望和患者的实际评价信息,计算医生对患者的满意度。进一步地,构建兼具满意且稳定的目标导向的匹配决策模型,通过运用求解模型的变步长算法,获得相应的最优匹配方案;最后,通过实例分析表明了所提出方法的可行性。     

Proficiency testing as tool for ISO 17025 implementation in National Public Health Laboratory: a mean for improving efficiency

Public Health Laboratories (PHL) as part of Public Health Services are involved in law enforcement and ensuring food and water quality. The laboratories had to go through an organizational and monetary change imposed by the growing and changing needs of the state of Israel. The laboratories had to become more modern and to implement new and more sophisticated testing methods. Another requirement was to perform a steadily increasing number of tests and to be more flexible towards customers’ demands. Yet, the budget was not changed accordingly, as the Public Service to which the laboratories belong to do not respond to changing needs. Management realization was that the accreditation process could be used as a tool to achieve organizational and cultural change. Understanding and transformation were required throughout the organization, including management. Proficiency testing is performed for all testing methods in all areas even for non-accredited tests such as clinical tests. Proficiency testing was used as a tool for organizational culture change. It is a great index with game elements, that gives employees and managers the possibility for comparison, fixing problems and corrective action. The demands of ISO 17025 made it necessary to change peoples’ attitudes and views on both professional and communication levels. Laboratory quality consists now on the four main principles, described in the 5M&E model which is typical to small organizations and which ensures a constantly improving system: ”Policy statement”, ”Machine”, ”Material”, ”Measurement”, ”Method”, ”Manpower”, and ”Environment” targeted to achieve ”Quality upgrade”. Slowly we succeeded in providing better and more reliable services and have increased our income on what would hopefully become our way to financial independence. We hope this process would provide the Ministry of Health with a better chance to public health using the same financial sources. Received: 25 October 2000 Accepted: 12 December 2000     

Dynamic job assignment: A column generation approach with an application to surgery allocation

We consider the assignment of jobs to heterogeneous agents in a dynamic system with a rolling time horizon. An example is a hospital operating theatre where the jobs are surgeries and the agents are the surgeons. The paper is presented in the context of surgery allocation and the system is characterized as follows: Patients are grouped into categories and they arrive continually following a stochastic process. Patients in each group have specific time limits within which they need treatment and if it cannot be accommodated then the patients are outsourced. The service level is the percentage of patients in each group treated within the time limit. Surgery durations are stochastic and depend on the surgeon conducting the surgeries. Each surgeon has limited time available and expected overtime is penalized by a non-decreasing convex function. We develop a column generation approach for the assignment of already arrived patients and tentative future patients to surgeons on specific days. It balances the conflicting objectives of including as many arrived patients as possible within their time limits, maximizing the service level of future patients, and minimizing the expected overtime of surgeons. A computational study is conducted with the model embedded in a rolling time horizon frame. The study indicates that the assignment of patients based on our model increases system performance in terms of service level and reduced overtime compared to a First-Come-First-Served (FCFS) policy when the arrival rates of patients are medium to high compared to the capacity of the system.     

The effects of asset specificity on maintenance financial performance: An empirical application of Transaction Cost Theory to the medical device maintenance field

This study uses multivariate regression analysis to examine the effects of asset specificity on the financial performance of both external and internal governance structures for medical device maintenance, and investigates how the financial performance of external governance structures differs depending on whether a hospital is private or public. The hypotheses were tested using information on 764 medical devices and 62 maintenance service providers, resulting in 1403 maintenance transactions. As such, our data sample is significantly larger than those used in previous studies in this area. The results empirically support our core theoretical argument that governance financial performance is influenced by assets specificity.     

A new simple,low-cost approach for generation of the PM10 fraction from soil and related materials: Application to human health risk assessment

A new simple, robust and low-cost wet laboratory method for the generation of the <10 μm (PM₁₀) particle size fraction is reported. A sedimentation method is directly compared with a centrifugation method for generation of the PM₁₀ fraction. Both approaches are based on an integrated form of Stokes’ law. Subsequently the sedimentation method was adopted. The results from the sedimentation method were corroborated using particle size distribution measurements. This approach for the generation of the PM₁₀ fraction was applied to soil and mine waste samples from Mitrovica, Kosovo as part of an investigation in to the human risk assessment from inhalation of the PM₁₀ fraction containing potentially harmful elements (PHEs). The average daily dose for Cd from the inhalation of suspended soil particles was calculated to be 0.021 and 0.010 μg kg⁻¹_BW d⁻¹ for a child and an adult, respectively. This corresponded to an inhalation dose of 0.50 and 0.70 μg Cd d⁻¹ for a child (20 kg) and an adult (70 kg), respectively.     

Biomonitoring and risk assessment of organochlorine pesticides among Saudi adults

The present study aimed to determine the serum organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) levels and risk of exposure among Saudi adults. Most OCPs are considered as endocrine-disrupting chemicals, and exposure can induce adverse health effects in both humans and wildlife. Serum OCP levels have not been documented in the Saudi population. Serum OCP concentrations were quantified using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) in 302 serum samples collected from adult Saudis. All studied OCPs were detected in all participants. High concentrations of DDT and its metabolites (DDE and DDD) were detected in both males and females, with concentrations being significantly higher in males. High concentrations of 2,4-DDE, 4,4-DDE, and gamma-HCH were detected (18.31, 16.12, and 15.15 ng g⁻¹ lipid and 5.9, 7.1, and 8.6 ng g⁻¹ lipid for males and females, respectively). Alpha-HCH, Beta-HCH, 2,4-DDT, and 4,4-DDT were detected at concentrations lower than 2 ng g⁻¹. Levels of OCPs varied according to age and body mass index (BMI). Serum concentrations of OCPs significantly differed between Saudi males and females and were influenced by age and BMI. This study is the first to document serum OCP concentrations in Saudi adults from Riyadh, KSA. Monitoring programs are suggested for evaluating serum OCP concentrations in the general population to track toxicity levels and serve as an indicator of possible adverse health effects.     

Assessment of heavy metals,fungicide quintozene and its hazardous impurity residues in medical Panax notoginseng (Burk) F.H.Chen root

A quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe extraction approach and gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry with programmed temperature vaporization sampling technology were used to determine fungicide quintozene and its hazardous impurity hexachlorobenzene (HCB) in Panax notoginseng root, which is commonly used as a rare traditional Chinese medicine worldwide. The mean recoveries were in the ranges of 94–125 and 84–119% for quintozene and HCB with relative standard deviations of 6.2–16.1% at three concentrations: 0.01, 0.1 and 1 mg kg^?1. Heavy metals arsenic, cadmium, copper and lead were simultaneously detected by an inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry approach after digestion with nitric acid. The above methods were used to analyze 50 samples of P. notoginseng roots collected at markets and planting bases from the special local producing areas, namely, Honghe, Kunming and Wenshan in Yunnan province, China. Quintozene and HCB in root samples were determined at <0.0015–1.50 and <0.0015–0.125 mg kg^?1. In the 50 samples, 28, 16, 56, 6 and 2% exceeded the maximum permissible levels in medicinal plants (WM/T2‐2004) for quintozene, arsenic, cadmium, lead and copper. [Correction added on 28 January 2019, after first online publication: the percentages in the preceding sentence have been corrected]. The results showed that the method is robust and suitable for measuring quintozene, its hazardous impurity and heavy metals in P. notoginseng roots.