A Sandwich Azobenzene–Diamide Dimer for Photoregulated Chloride Transport

There has been a tremendous evolution for artificial ion transport systems, especially gated synthetic systems, which closely mimic their natural congeners. Herein, we demonstrate a trans-azobenzene-based photoregulatory anionophoric system that transports chloride by forming a sandwich dimeric complex. Further studies confirmed a carrier-mediated chloride-anion antiport mechanism, and the supramolecular interactions involved in chloride recognition within the sandwich complex were revealed from theoretical studies. Reversible trans–cis photoisomerization of the azobenzene was achieved without any significant contribution from the thermal cis→trans isomerization at room temperature. Photoregulatory transport activity across the lipid bilayer membrane inferred an outstanding off-on response of the azobenzene photoswitch.     

一种应用距离选通成像技术的微光望远镜

利用红外波长的激光对微光系统进行辅助照明,改善目标区域的环境照度和对比度,使目标从视场中凸显出来,提高微光系统的探测距离,改善观察效果。采用距离选通技术,合理匹配激光脉冲与选通像增强器的工作时序,屏蔽目标前后非目标反射光以及来自大气中悬浮微粒产生的杂散光干扰,解决同轴照明后向散射问题,达到只观察选定距离内目标的目的。通过微光选通望远镜的工程实践,将激光距离选通技术成功地运用于微光探测领域中,在无月星光,照度为110-3lx,大气能见度为10 km条件下,对中型坦克或卡车侧面目标的识别距离可达到1 400 m。     

交叉型纳米结构下气体位置对阿秒脉冲的影响

理论提出并研究了一种在交叉型纳米结构下运用非均匀极化门方案获得孤立阿秒脉冲的方法.结果表明,当气体沿纳米结构负方向注入时,用于产生阿秒脉冲的高阶谐波只发生在纳米结构的一侧.因此,在此方案下,不仅谐波截止能量得到延伸,而且谐波干涉结构得到减小.随后,通过叠加平台区的谐波,可获得一个持续时间在33 as的孤立阿秒脉冲.     

Free-breathing 3-dimensional steady-state free precession coronary magnetic resonance angiography: comparison of four navigator gating techniques

This work compared the performance of four navigator gating algorithms [accept/reject (A/R), diminishing variance algorithm (DVA), phase ordering with automatic window selection (PAWS) and retrospective gating (RETRO)] in suppressing respiratory motion artifacts in free-breathing 3D balanced steady-state free precession coronary MRA. In 10 volunteers, the right coronary artery (RCA) or the left anterior descending artery (LAD) was imaged (both if time permitted) at 1.5 T with the four gating techniques in random order. Vessel signal, vessel contrast and motion suppression were scored by the consensus of two blinded readers. In 15 imaged vessels (nine RCA and six LAD), PAWS provided significantly better image quality than A/R (P<.05), DVA (P=.02) and RETRO (P=.002). While the quality difference between A/R and DVA was not statistically significant, both algorithms yielded significantly better image quality than RETRO. PAWS and DVA were the most efficient algorithms, providing an approximately 20% and 40% relative increase in average navigator efficiency compared to A/R and RETRO, respectively.     

软X射线皮秒分幅相机的增益压窄效应

 高速行波选通的X射线皮秒分幅相机的时间分辨率受皮秒选通脉冲的宽度和幅值的非线性关系直接影响。针对微通道板(MCP)行波选通皮秒分幅相机中的“增益压窄效应”,在高斯型皮秒选通电脉冲作用下,通过计算MCP分幅管的时间分辨率和对增益压窄效应的分析,得到MCP皮秒选通分幅管的增益压窄指数约为10.0,分幅管的时间分辨率约为选通脉冲脉宽的1/3.16。并在脉冲参数（250 ps,－1 100 V）和（220 ps,－900 V）下进行了分幅相机时间分辨率理论计算和实验测试,分别得到了理论时间分辨率为78.8 ps和67.6 ps,相机实验时间分辨率为76.4 ps 和66.5 ps的结果。     

距离选通变增益光电倍增管探测系统的设计

 为实时动态测量未知深度水下目标微弱后向散射信号,设计了一种新型的光电倍增管(PMT)选通变增益探测系统。采用给PMT外加选通和变增益纳秒电脉冲的方法,通过改变PMT光阴极与第一打拿极之间电势差,实现PMT选通;借助给PMT最后一个打拿极外加变增益高压脉冲改变PMT最后一个打拿极与前置打拿极间的电势差,实现PMT变增益。实验结果明：在选通和变增益脉冲到来时,阳极输出相应的脉冲信号,信号脉宽为40ns,脉冲幅值增大,证明该方法能够实现PMT选通和变增益。     

Calibration of ultrasonic hydrophone probes up to 100 MHz using time gating frequency analysis and finite amplitude waves

A number of ultrasound imaging systems employs harmonic imaging to optimize the trade off between resolution and penetration depth and center frequencies as high as 15 MHz are now used in clinical practice. However, currently available measurement tools are not fully adequate to characterize the acoustic output of such nonlinear systems primarily due to the limited knowledge of the frequency responses beyond 20 MHz of the available piezoelectric hydrophone probes. In addition, ultrasound hydrophone probes need to be calibrated to eight times the center frequency of the imaging transducer. Time delay spectrometry (TDS) is capable of providing transduction factor of the probes beyond 20 MHz, however its use is in practice limited to 40 MHz. This paper describes a novel approach termed time gating frequency analysis (TGFA) that provides the transduction factor of the hydrophone probes in the frequency domain and significantly extends the quasi-continuous calibration of the probes up to 60 MHz. The verification of the TGFA data was performed using TDS calibration technique (up to 40 MHz) and a nonlinear calibration method (up to 100 MHz). The nonlinear technique was based on a novel wave propagation model capable of predicting the true pressure-time waveforms at virtually any point in the field. The spatial averaging effects introduced by the finite aperture hydrophones were also accounted for. TGFA calibration results were obtained for different PVDF probes, including needle and membrane designs with nominal diameters from 50 to 500 micro m. The results were compared with discrete calibration data obtained from an independent national laboratory and the overall uncertainty was determined to be +/-1.5 dB in the frequency range 40-60 MHz and less than +/-1 dB below 40 MHz.     

浅表组织后向散射检测中偏振门的蒙特卡罗研究

已有实验表明偏振门和斜入射技术能有效地抑止深层散射光子,实现浅表组织光学特性的检测。采用蒙特卡罗方法,分析了斜入射、偏振门的特性,研究了组织光学参量和入射角等参量对平均探测深度的影响。结果表明,组织的各向异性因子和入射角对平均探测深度影响较大。当各向异性因子较小(小于0.8)或者入射角较大(大于1.4 rad)时,组织的平均探测深度能满足小于2倍平均自由程的要求。偏振门和斜入射技术均可使探测光子经历的散射次数和探测深度有明显减小,因此,结合偏振门和斜入射技术能够更有效地分辨来自浅层的信号光,抑止来自深层的背景光。     

A sheath flow gating interface for the on-line coupling of solid-phase extraction with capillary electrophoresis

A sheath flow gating interface (SFGI) is presented for the on-line coupling of solid-phase extraction (SPE) with capillary electrophoresis (CE). The design, construction and operation of the SFGI are described in detail. After operating conditions were investigated and selected, the SFGI was evaluated on a SPE–CE–UV setup using hydroxylated poly(glycidyl methacrylate-co-ethylene dimethacrylate) monolith as the absorbent and using three phenols as the test analytes. The preconcentration factors obtained with the SPE–CE–UV system and the SPE–UV part are 530 and 550, respectively. The plate numbers obtained using the SPE–CE–UV system are slightly better than or comparable to those with the CE–UV part. The precisions (RSDs) of 100 consecutive injections are 2.43%, 3.86%, and 4.25% for peak height, peak area and migration time, respectively. The measured recoveries for the river water samples spiked at three different levels are in the range of 93.6–102.8% with the interday RSD values ranging from 2.0 to 4.5% (n = 3). These data collectively demonstrate that the SFGI has the ability to exactly and reproducibly transfer nanoliters of fractions from SPE onto CE with no degradation of the efficiencies of SPE and CE, suggesting a great potential to be routinely used for the coupling of SPE, microcolumn LC or FIA with CE.