Pinpointing Double Bonds in Lipids by Paternò‐Büchi Reactions and Mass Spectrometry

The positions of double bonds in lipids play critical roles in their biochemical and biophysical properties. In this study, by coupling Paternò–Büchi (P‐B) reaction with tandem mass spectrometry, we developed a novel method that can achieve confident, fast, and sensitive determination of double bond locations within various types of lipids. The P‐B reaction is facilitated by UV irradiation of a nanoelectrospray plume entraining lipids and acetone. Tandem mass spectrometry of the on‐line reaction products via collision activation leads to the rupture of oxetane rings and the formation of diagnostic ions specific to the double bond location.     

铁路工程地质选线咨询系统

本文考虑了铁路线位选择的特点，从地质的角度出发，将铁路地质选线中涉及的主要问题（滑坡、泥石流、风沙、岩溶）归纳、总结建立知识库，通过推理为铁路总体选线提供地质依据，以减少工程失误，节约工程造价，保证工期。本文重点介绍该系统的组成部分及各个部分的具本设计思想和设计技巧。     

基于爆炸地震波分析3次爆炸事件的主要特征

主要分析全球地震台网牡丹江和白家疃地震台记录的2006年10月9日、2009年5月25日和2013年2月12日的3次爆炸事件。主要通过3次事件P震相振幅比和功率谱比值估计了3次事件的能量比,采用互相关方法计算了3次事件的相关系数,对比震相波形探讨3次事件发生的相对位置。2013年的爆炸事件与2009年的爆炸事件相比,三分向最大单振幅比值和功率谱比值平均分别为2.2和2.6;与2006年的爆炸事件相比,三分向P震相最大单振幅比值和功率谱比值平均分别为11.1和13.9。该结果暗示了2013年爆炸事件释放的能量高于2009年爆炸事件的2倍,高于2006年爆炸事件的10倍。在2~4 Hz频段内,2013年爆炸事件与2006年爆炸事件、2009年爆炸事件三分向波形的最大相关系数平均分别为0.90和0.99。相关性分析结果表示,3次爆炸事件在能量的主要集中频段高度相关,这表明3次爆炸事件发生的位置相距很近。相对位置分析表明,2013年爆炸事件发生的位置在2009年爆炸事件发生位置的东偏南方向。     

Low-temperature electrical resistivity characteristics of fast-neutron-irradiated CdS: New concepts in neutron detection

Time dependent electrical resistivity changes at low temperature in fast-neutron irradiated CdS have been studied. The experiments were on low-resistivity single crystals, and the electrical changes result from radioactive decay effects induced by the fast-neutron irradiation. Results show that following neutron irradiation and upon lowering the sample temperature, the resistivity decreases with time and approaches a stable value. These effects are attributed to trapping phenomena, and can be erased by increasing the temperature. The time dependent electrical changes associated with radioactive decay provide a new means for neutron detection.     

基于SQUID梯度计的单磁源定位及磁矩反演误差分析

磁源定位及磁矩反演技术在空间探测、无损检测以及目标追踪等领域有着广泛的应用前景。利用磁场梯度张量信息进行磁源定位及磁矩反演的思想是在1975年首次提出的,2006年提出的磁性目标线性方程定位方法以其快速准确求解的特点而备受关注。但是,对于该梯度张量矩阵求逆法进行磁源定位的全方位的误差分析仍有待完善。在简要回顾梯度张量矩阵求逆法进行磁源定位的方法的基础上,提出了一种基于该方法的系统误差和随机误差分析的理论;研究结果表明定位误差是由于将差分近似为微分而引起的系统误差和传感器测量的随机误差构成。以目前具有超高精度、超高灵敏度的超导量子干涉仪作为典型磁场测量传感器,分析了梯度张量矩阵求逆法进行磁源定位及磁矩反演误差与传感器分辨率和相对误差水平之间的关系。     

Price Expectations and Cobwebs Under Uncertainty

Classical approaches to location problems are based on the minimization of the average distance (the median concept) or the minimization of the maximum distance (the center concept) to the service facilities. The median solution concept is primarily concerned with the spatial efficiency while the center concept is focused on the spatial equity. The k-centrum model unifies both the concepts by minimization of the sum of the k largest distances. In this paper we investigate a solution concept of the conditional median which is a generalization of the k-centrum concept taking into account the portion of demand related to the largest distances. Namely, for a specified portion (quantile) of demand we take into account the entire group of the corresponding largest distances and we minimize their average. It is shown that such an objective, similar to the standard minimax, may be modeled with a number of simple linear inequalities. Equitable properties of the solution concept are examined.     

Inner product spaces and minimal values of functionals

We consider a real function which depends on the distances between a variable point and the points of a finite subset A of a linear normed space X. We show that X is an inner product space if this function attains its local minimum on a barycenter of points of A with well-chosen weights. Our result generalizes classical results about characterization of inner product spaces and answers a question of R. Durier, which was posed in his article [J. Math. Anal. Appl. 207 (1997) 220-239].     

Efficient Location for a Semi-Obnoxious Facility

This paper deals with a location model for the placement of a semi-obnoxious facility in a continuous plane with the twin objectives of maximizing the distance to the nearest inhabitant and minimizing the sum of distances to all the users (or the distance to the farthest user) in a unified manner. For special cases, this formulation includes (1) elliptic maximin and rectangular minisum criteria problem, and (2) rectangular maximin and minimax criteria problem. Polynomial-time algorithms for finding the efficient set and the tradeoff curve are presented.     

A Paradox Concerning Shrinkage Estimators: Should a Known Scale Parameter Be Replaced by an Estimated Value in the Shrinkage Factor?

When estimating, under quadratic loss, the location parameterθof a spherically symmetric distribution with known scale parameter, we show that it may be that the common practice of utilizing the residual vector as an estimate of the variance is preferable to using the known value of the variance. In the context of Stein-like shrinkage estimators, we exhibit sufficient conditions on the spherical distributions for which this paradox occurs. In particular, we show that it occurs fort-distributions when the dimension of the residual vector is sufficiently large. The main tools in the development are upper and lower bounds on the risks of the James–Stein estimators which are exact atθ=0.     

多元位置的稳健PP型度量与估计

本文用Ｐｒｏｊｅｃｔｉｏｎ Ｐｕｒｓｕｉｔ方法给出了一类新的多元位置的稳健ＰＰ型度量与估计，证明了它不公文 具有同变性，渐近正态性，而且具有高效率与高崩溃点等优良性质，尤其它具有形式简单，计算容易的特点。