岩土工程下沉贯入数值模拟方法研究进展

岩土工程下沉贯入领域的数值分析,由于结构物贯入时网格变形过大而产生扭曲畸变等问题,常会造成收敛困难甚至计算结果失真. 采用合适的数值方法分析此类问题颇具挑战性. 本文系统介绍了近年来对于岩土下沉贯入数值模拟的研究现状和发展动态,对各种数值模拟方法的相关原理、主要特征以及优缺点进行简要的探讨. 并简要介绍耦合的欧拉-拉格朗日(coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian, CEL) 有限元法的基本原理,通过不排水条件下的条形基础贯入问题和砂土中桩的静压下沉示例分析,表明CEL 有限元法在模拟岩土贯入问题时计算结果的准确性和较其他模拟方法的优势. 文中所阐述的岩土贯入分析数值模拟方法可供从事岩土贯入分析的相关学者借鉴参考.     

新媒体创作在工科基础课程教学中的应用——以理论力学课程为例

随着我国高等教育迈向深化改革的新发展阶段,传统工科教学也面临理论结合实践、基础结合创新、传统结合多元的改革新目标和新要求。本研究以理论力学课程教学为例,提出了一种以学生为主体的短视频创作在工科基础课程教学中的应用模式,有效提升了学生学习效率和知识掌握程度,对开拓学生学习能力和创新思维具有显著促进作用。该模式为工科多元教学提供了新的思路,对与时俱进优化工科教学改革具有重要参考价值。

     

Beyond the Microscale: Advances in Surface Nanopatterning by Laser-Driven Self-Organization

Designing complex local properties that seamlessly integrate efficient functions into processed materials presents a formidable challenge. A promising solution has emerged in the form of ultrafast laser-surface structuring. Through time-controlled polarization ultrafast irradiation at the picosecond timescale, spontaneous self-organization of surfaces can be induced. The thermal gradient length scale unfolds on the micro- and nanoscale, instigating thermoconvection that leads to structured surfaces upon quenching. Convective instabilities dynamically shape intricate yet self-regulated periodic relief structures. The ability to achieve laser-induced self-organization in both surface dimensions holds immense scientific importance, as it unlocks the potential to create uniform periodic 2D patterns by harnessing the inherent regulation of nonlinear dynamics processes in fluids. This comprehensive review explores recent advances in understanding and leveraging ultrafast laser-induced self-organization for precise patterning across versatile scales and applications. The insights herein hold the potential to drive significant advancements in nanoscale manufacturing through 2D laser-induced periodic surface structures.     

基于数据重建的三角网格模型简化优化方法

由CT切片数据重建得到的三角网格模型常存在数据量大、狭长三角形多等问题,针对这些问题,研究了一种保持特征的高质量三角网格模型的简化优化方法。该方法分为网格简化和网格优化两个阶段。首先,采用基于曲面变化的二次误差度量计算边折叠代价,并按代价值的大小进行迭代的折叠简化,可较好地保持模型表面的特征;其次,通过二阶加权伞算子对简化模型中局部存在的狭长三角形进行优化处理,改善三角网格模型的质量。实验结果表明,该方法能够较好地保持特征区域的细节信息,并可靠地生成高质量、低几何误差的简化模型。     

面向"一带一路"的工程教育国际化新体系研究与实践1)

"一带一路"战略为深化我国与沿线国家的教育交流合作提供了重要契机,也为我国的新工科人才培养体系的理论研究与教育实践开拓了新视野,提出了新挑战。在以新技术、新业态、新模式、新产业为代表的新经济蓬勃发展的大背景下,对工程科技人才提出了更高要求。建设具有新理念、新结构、新体系、新质量、新模式的新工科,迫切需要借助国际化加快工程人才教育体系的改革创新。构建面向"一带一路"的工程教育国际化新体系,面向新工科人才培养,密切结合"一带一路"沿线各国工科人才培养的实际情况,以工程力学、航空航天工程、机械工程等专业的国际化联合培养为抓手,深入研究面向新工科建设的"一带一路"工程教育国际化新体系。     

生物催化在绿色化学和新药开发中的应用

近年来生物技术领域有了突破性进展,如: 公共基因数据库(GenBank)和蛋白质数据库(PDB)中序列的指数增长,高效基因克隆和表达平台的建立,可有效改进生物催化剂专一性、选择性和稳定性的酶定向进化技术的应用。这些进展使生物催化在化学合成中日趋重要[1]。本文综述了生物催化在如下领域的成功应用：在药物生产中用于开发经济的化学酶法合成工艺,在绿色化学领域中最大程度的减少废物的产生和危险试剂的应用,在天然化学领域中对天然产物进行修饰以发现具有更好生物活性的新药物。     

Nano-Structured Ridged Micro-Filaments (≥100 µm Diameter) Produced Using a Single Step Strategy for Improved Bone Cell Adhesion and Proliferation in Textile Scaffolds

Textile scaffolds that are either 2D or 3D with tunable shapes and pore sizes can be made through textile processing (weaving, knitting, braiding, nonwovens) using microfilaments. However, these filaments lack nano-topographical features to improve bone cell adhesion and proliferation. Moreover, the diameter of such filaments should be higher than that used for classical textiles (10–30 µm) to enable adhesion and the efficient spreading of the osteoblast cell (>30 µm diameter). We report, for the first time, the fabrication of biodegradable nanostructured cylindrical PLLA (poly-L-Lactic acid) microfilaments of diameters 100 µm and 230 µm, using a single step melt-spinning process for straightforward integration of nano-scale ridge-like structures oriented in the fiber length direction. Appropriate drawing speed and temperature used during the filament spinning allowed for the creation of instabilities giving rise to nanofibrillar ridges, as observed by AFM (Atomic Force Microscopy). These micro-filaments were hydrophobic, and had reduced crystallinity and mechanical strength, but could still be processed into 2D/3D textile scaffolds of various shapes. Biological tests carried out on the woven scaffolds made from these nano-structured micro filaments showed excellent human bone cell MG 63 adhesion and proliferation, better than on smooth 30 µm- diameter fibers. Elongated filopodia of the osteoblast, intimately anchored to the nano-structured filaments, was observed. The filaments also induced in vitro osteogenic expression, as shown by the expression of osteocalcin and bone sialoprotein after 21 days of culture. This work deals with the fabrication of a new generation of nano-structured micro-filament for use as scaffolds of different shapes suited for bone cell engineering.     

Asymmetric double-layer composite electrolyte with enhanced ionic conductivity and interface stability for all-solid-state lithium metal batteries

All-solid-state Li metal battery has been regarded as a promising battery technology due to its high energy density based on the high capacity of lithium metal anode and high safety based on the all solid state electrolyte without inflammable solvent.However,challenges still exist mainly in the poor contact and unstable interface between electrolyte and electrodes.Herein,we demonstrate an asymmetric design of the composite polymer electrolyte with two different layers to overcome the interface issues at both the cathode and the anode side simultaneously.At the cathode side,the polypropylene carbonate layer has enough viscosity and flexibility to reduce the inter-facial resistance,while at the Li anode side,the polyethylene oxide layer modified with hexagonal boron nitride has high mechanical strength to suppress the Li dendrite growth.Owing to the synergetic effect between different components,the asprepared double layer composite polymer electrolyte demonstrates a large electrochemical window of5.17 V,a high ionic conductivity of 6.1×10~(-4) S/cm,and a transfe rence number of 0.56,featuring excellent ion transport kinetics and good chemical stability.All-solid-state Li metal battery assembled with LiFePO_4 cathode and Li anode delivers a high capacity of 150.9 mAh/g at 25℃ and 0.1 C-rate,showing great potential for practical applications.     

A perspective of the engineering applications of carbon-based selenium-containing materials

Carbon-based selenium-containing materials are novel materials just being invented recently. Owing to the low cost and bio-compatible features of carbon and selenium, these materials are practical. The unique chemical- and bio-activities of selenium endow them wide range of applications in catalysis, environment-protection, fertilizer and biocide development etc. Recent progresses in this field are summarized and prospected from the engineering application viewpoint in this mini-review.     

化工原理问题导向式线上教学的探索与实践*

以化学制药专科专业化工原理课程为例,阐述问题导向式线上教学的课程设计思路及框架,探索由被动教到主动学的线上教学途径。通过对“流体流动与输送单元”的教学设计,从课前、课中和课后论述了以“问题”为中心的线上教学过程和实施情况,并说明了线上授课的教学效果。