Maximum principle for the optimal control of systems with continuous leads

A sufficiency theorem is provided for the optimal control of systems with continuous leads wherein the motion of today's state is governed by the future trajectory of the control and the state. An application to the economics of dynamic limit pricing is given.This research had its origin in the doctoral dissertation of the author. The comments of H. Ryder are gratefully acknowledged.     

An FPTAS for a single-item capacitated economic lot-sizing problem with monotone cost structure

We present a fully polynomial time approximation scheme (FPTAS) for a capacitated economic lot-sizing problem with a monotone cost structure. An FPTAS delivers a solution with a given relative error ɛ in time polynomial in the problem size and in 1/ɛ. Such a scheme was developed by van Hoesel and Wagelmans [8] for a capacitated economic lot-sizing problem with monotone concave (convex) production and backlogging cost functions. We omit concavity and convexity restrictions. Furthermore, we take advantage of a straightforward dynamic programming algorithm applied to a rounded problem.     

允许卖空的资本市场中存在非负均衡价格向量的充要条件

For the capital market satisfying standard assumptions that are widely adopted in the equilibrium analysis,a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence and uniqueness of a nonnegative equilibrium price vector that clears the mean-variance capital market with short sale allowed is derived. Moreover, the given explicit formula for the equilibrium price shows clearly the relationship between prices of assets and statistical properties of the rate of return on assets, the desired rates of return of individual investors as well as other economic quantities.The economic implication of the derived condition is briefly discussed. These results improve the available results about the equilibrium analysis of the mean-variance market.     

浅论我国工业经济效益的发展趋势和提高的途径

近40多年来，我国的社会主义工业经济效益有的时期比较好，但大部分时期工业经济效益不高，有的时期考核工业经济效益的一些主要指标为负数，总体工业经济效益很不理想。本文从我国40多年来社会主义工业经济效益的发展史实中，描绘出这一时期我国工业经济效益的发展概况和轨迹，从而研究我国近期工业经济效益的发展趋势和提高工业经济效益的途径。     

A constrained min‐max algorithm for rival models of the same economic system

There are well established rival theories about the economy. These have, in turn, led to the development of rival models purporting to represent the economic system. The models are large systems of discrete-time nonlinear dynamic equations. Observed data of the real system does not, in general, provide sufficient information for statistical methods to invalidate all but one of the rival models. In such a circumstance, there is uncertainty about which model to use in the formulation of policy. Prudent policy design would suggest that a model-based policy should take into account all the rival models. This is achieved as a pooling of the models. The pooling that yields the policy which is robust to model choice is formulated as a constrained min-max problem. The minimization is over the decision variables and the maximization is over the rival models. Only equality constraints are considered.A successive quadratic programming algorithm is discussed for the solution of the min-max problem. The algorithm uses a stepsize strategy based on a differentiable penalty function for the constraints. Two alternative quadratic subproblems can be used. One is a quadratic min-max and the other a quadratic programming problem. The objective function of either subproblem includes a linear term which is dependent on the penalty function. The penalty parameter is determined at every iteration, using a strategy that ensures a descent property as well as the boundedness of the penalty term. The boundedness follows since the strategy is always satisfied for finite values of the parameter which needs to be increased a finite number of times.The global and local convergence of the algorithm is established. The conditions, involving projected Hessian approximations, are discussed under which the algorithm achieves unit stepsizes and subsequently Q-superlinear convergence.     

A recursive linear programming analysis of the future of the pulp and paper industry in the United States: Changes in supplies and demands,and the effects of recycling

The impacts of increased paper recycling on the U.S. pulp and paper sector are investigated, using the North American Pulp And Paper (NAPAP) model. This dynamic spatial equilibrium model forecasts the amount of pulp, paper and paperboard exchanged in a multi-region market, and the corresponding prices. The core of the model is a recursive price-endogenous linear programming system that simulates the behavior of a competitive industry. The model has been used to make forecasts of key variables describing the sector from 1986 to 2012, demand for paper would have the greatest impact on the amount of wood used. But the minimum recycled content policies envisaged currently would have no more effect than what will come about due to unregulated market forces.     

Automation and group structures in certain economic adjustment mechanisms

It is shown that the economic adjustment mechanism developed by Hurwicz and his associates has the structure of automata. It is then shown that certain price adjustment mechanisms, having an acceptability condition, impose a group structure upon the automaton. This condition is a bilinear invariance implied by a budget constraint. Then the automaton is defined by a subgroup, depending on agents' tastes, technologies and strategies, and by the representations of the subgroup imposed by the automaton.     

油砂开发经济性评价方法研究及应用

随着我国油企进入加拿大油砂行业,如何降低油砂开发项目的风险并提高决策的科学性变得愈发重要。油砂开采的经济性作为投资决策的重要着力点,研究相应的经济评价方法也就有了十分重要的意义。本文较为全面的分析了露天开发油砂及蒸汽辅助重力卸油技术(SAGD)开发油砂的技术特点;选择折现现金流理论作为理论基础分别构建了露天开发与SAGD开发油砂项目经济评价模型,并对模型中涉及的收入、投资、成本等参数的估算方法进行了系统的研究;通过对新疆某油砂试采区的实际评价,验证了方法的可行性。该方法作为油砂开发项目经济评价的初步探索,将为加拿大和我国油砂开发项目的经济评价工作提供一定的参考依据。