非牛顿流体入口收敛流动分析

本文讨论了非牛顿流体的入口收敛流动问题,考虑到粘弹性流体在流动中的粘滑行为,应用最小能原理,导出了扩展的入口收敛流边界流线方程和流体自然收敛锥角方程,并与前人的工作进行了比较和分析。     

多孔介质中收聚圆锥冲击波的相互作用的实验研究

我们从实验上研究了铝粉、铁粉和钨粉中收聚圆锥冲击波的相互作用,并导出了利用实验数据计算此波锥顶角的公式。     

Stress-strain analysis of a composite truncated conical shell

The stress-strain state of a nonshallow truncated conical shell made of a composite material and subjected to axial forces at the ends is studied. A variational difference method is used. Calculations are carried out for an orthotropic shell with low shear stiffness __________ Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika, Vol. 43, No. 7, pp. 66–72, July 2007.     

Theoretical Investigation of the Reaction Mechanism of the Photoisomerization of 1,2‐Dihydro‐1,2‐azaborine

The photoisomerization of 1,2‐dihydro‐1,2‐azaborine was investigated by high‐level multireference ab initio and density functional theory calculations. The intermediates (IMs) and transition states (TSs) on the S₀ and S₁ states were optimized using the state‐averaged complete active space self‐consistent field method. The multireference configuration interaction method with the Davidson correction was used to obtain accurate energetics. Moreover, the conical intersections (CIs), which play a crucial role in photoisomerization, were also optimized. On the basis of the calculation results, the most favorable proposed reaction pathway is as follows: reactant→Franck‐Condon region→TS₁→CI→IM₀→TS_0P→product. The product was not directly formed through the CI, and the IM₀ existed on the S₀ state. These results show that the isomerization of 1,2‐dihydro‐1,2‐azaborine involves both photoreactions and thermal reactions. The calculated results clarify recent experimental observations.     

Modulating ion current rectification generating high energy output in a single glass conical nanopore channel by concentration gradient

Inspired by biological systems that have the inherent skill to generate considerable bioelectricity from the salt content in fluids with highly selective ion channels and pumps on cell membranes,herein,a fully abiotic,single glass conical nanopores energy-harvesting is demonstrated.Ion current rectification(ICR)in negatively charged glass conical nanopores is shown to be controlled by the electrolyte concentration gradient depending on the direction of ion diffusion.The degree of ICR is enhanced with the increasing forward concentration difference.An unusual rectification inversion is observed when the concentration gradient is reversely applied.The maximum power output with the individual nanopore approaches10~4pW.This facile and cost-efficient energy-harvesting system has the potential to power tiny biomedical devices or construct future clean-energy recovery plants.     

杭州大剧院风压分布的风洞试验研究

杭州大剧院外观造型新颖独特，由一个近似为椭球的双曲面屋盖和一个倒置的圆锥面玻璃幕墙相交形成大剧院的主体建筑的外轮廓．本文结合该主体结构的抗风设计要求，制作了1：200刚性模型进行结构表面脉动风压平均风压分布的风洞试验研究，详细介绍了风洞试验及数据处理方法，讨论了在不同风向角下椭球面屋盖和圆锥面玻璃幕墙的风压分布．为了便于整体结构设计，本文根据结构的实际情况对椭球面和圆锥面进行分块并给出相应的分块风压数据，最后根据各风向角下的风压分布特征给出了整体结构抗风设计的最不利风向角．     

Dynamics of a Rigid Unbalanced Rotor with Nonlinear Elastic Restoring Forces. Part I: Theoretical Analysis

In a previous paper, the dynamic behaviour of a Jeffcott rotor was studied in the presence of pure static unbalance and nonlinear elastic restoring forces. The present paper extends the analysis to a rigid rotor with an axial length such as to make the transverse moment of inertia greater than the axial one. As in the previous investigation, the elastic restoring forces are assumed to be nonlinear and the effects of couple unbalance are also included but, unlike the Jeffcott rotor, the system exhibits six degrees-of-freedom. The Lagrangian coordinates were fixed so as to coincide with the three coordinates of the centre of mass of the rotor and the three angular coordinates needed in order to express the rotor's rotations with respect to a reference frame having its origin in the centre of mass. The precession motions of such a rotor turn out to be cylindrical at low angular speeds and exhibit a conical aspect when operating at higher speeds. The motion equations of the rotor were written with reference to a system that was subsequently adopted for the experimental analysis. The particular feature of this system was the use of a steel wire (piano wire) for the rotor shaft, suitably constrained and with the possibility of regulating the tension of the wire itself, in order to increase or reduce the nonlinear character of the system. The numerical analysis performed with integration of the motion equations made it possible to point out that chaotic solutions were manifested only when the tension in the wire was given the lowest values – i.e. when the system was strongly nonlinear – in the presence of considerable damping and rotor unbalance values that were so high as to lose any practical significance. Under conditions commonly shared by analogous real systems characterised by poor damping, where the contribution to nonlinearity is almost entirely due to elastic restoring forces, the analysis pointed out that precession motions may be manifested with a periodic character, whether synchronous or not, or a quasi-periodic character, but in no case is the solution chaotic.     

在均布外压作用下复合材料三角形网格加筋圆锥壳体总体稳定性分析

本文在文献[1]的基础上加以推广,分析了在均布外压作用下复合材料三角形网格加筋圆锥壳体总体稳定性,考虑了蒙皮的正交拉弯耦合效应和加筋筋条的偏心效应.基于外压实验观察结果,通过选择恰当的位移分量表达式,本文利用Galerkin法获得了临界外压的近似表达式,并对某一C/E复合材料三角形内网格加筋圆锥壳体的临界外压值进行了理论计算,所得结果与实验值相当吻合.文中所得结果可供工程应用参考.     

On a Discrete Fourier Series Solution to Static Problem for Conical Shells of Circumferentially Varying Thickness

An approach is developed to solve the two-dimensional boundary-value problems of the stress-strain state of conical shells with circumferentially varying thickness. The approach employs discrete Fourier series to separate variables and make the problem one-dimensional. The one-dimensional boundary-value problem is solved by the stable discrete-orthogonalization method. The results obtained are presented as plots and tables __________ Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika, Vol. 41, No. 9, pp. 26–37, September 2005.