Modeling strain hardening of polydisperse polystyrene melts by molecular stress function theory

The strain hardening of blends of polystyrene (PS) and ultra-high molecular weight polystyrene (UHMW-PS) in elongational flow is modeled by the molecular stress function (MSF) theory. Assuming that the ratios of strain energies stored in polydisperse and monodisperse polymers are identical for linear and nonlinear deformations, the value of the only non-linear parameter of the theory in extensional flows, the maximum molecular stress f_max, can be determined and is shown to be related to steady-state compliance J_e0. Using only linear-viscoelastic data, the elongational viscosity of PS/UHMW-PS blends is consistently predicted by the MSF theory.     

APPLICATION OF WAVELET THEORY IN RESEARCH ON WEIGHT FUNCTION OF MESHLESS METHOD

IntroductionNeedingonlynodeinformation ,withouttheconnectivityelement,themeshlessmethodsaredevelopingrapidly ,andhavemanykindsofmeshlessmethods,suchasEFEM[1],SPH[2 ],RKPM[3],PU[4 ].Weightfunctionanditsparametersplayanimportantroleinsimulatingdisplacementfiledinmeshlessmethod[1].Togivethereasonableinfluenceradiusofweightfunctionisverydifficult.Theinfluenceradiusofweightfunctionisgivenbythesectioncontinualfunction ,andtheuseofinfluenceradiusortheuseofweightfunctionemphasisonthesimulationde…     

Transient behavior of Boger fluids under extended shear flow in a cone-and-plate rheometer

Three different dilute solutions of high molecular weight polymers in viscous, binary solvents were used in experiments performed in a cone-and-plate rheometer. The solutions all fall into the class of fluids referred to as Boger fluids and were previously used in studies of viscoelastic Taylor-Couette instabilities. Under prolonged shearing in the cone-and-plate geometry, these fluids all exhibited a decrease of the first normal stress growth function N₁⁺(t) from an initial plateau value to a second, lower plateau value. This behavior has been previously observed, but is here reported for widely used polyisobutylene-based Boger fluids for the first time. As in earlier studies (Magda JJ, Lee C-S, Muller SJ, Larson RG (1993) Macromolecules 26:1696–1706; MacDonald M, Muller SJ (1997) J Rheol Acta 36:97–109), the time at which this decrease occurs (the decay time) is much longer than the polymer molecules relaxation time. Here, we focus on three issues: 1) the time-temperature superposition of the first normal stress growth function N₁⁺(t), including the decay time and the value of the second plateau, 2) the sample recovery time required to reproduce the initial plateau value of N₁⁺ and the decay time, and 3) the relationship between the time scales for this decay of normal stresses and the onset of viscous heating induced instabilities in the Taylor-Couette geometry. Our results suggest that shear-induced conformational changes, possibly coupled to viscous heating of the sample, may be responsible for the decrease in the first normal stress growth function during prolonged shearing.     

Relaxation modes of molten polydimethylsiloxane

Although it is known that chain reptation with contour length fluctuations and tube constraint release are the relevant mechanisms of chain relaxation, only applications of the theory to specific polymers could allow one to determine the relative importance of these relaxation modes. With this purpose we study the relation between the shear relaxation modulus of entangled, linear and flexible polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) samples with narrow molecular weight distribution (MWD) and some of their blends. The linear PDMS are synthesized by anionic polymerization. Binary blends having different concentrations of the linear PDMS with narrow MWD are also prepared.  A theory developed by some of the authors has been proposed previously and is based on the double reptation mixing rule and a law for the relaxation time of the chains. Since, calculations in the theory must be carried out with rheometric data of linear viscoelasticity, the time-temperature superposition principle is used at a reference temperature of 20°C to obtain the and master curves. We conclude that the PDMS chains in a matrix with 1.5 relax predominantly by reptation while the tube renewal follows Rouse mode, which is proportional to chain molecular weight raised to the square power. It is also shown that dilution effects due to short chains start to be important in the binary blends of PDMS samples due to the presence of Zimm mode of relaxation, which is suggested by the theory for linear polymers of relatively high polydispersity. Received: 27 January 1998 Accepted: 13 August 1998     

纳米氧化锌填充超高分子量聚乙烯复合材料的摩擦磨损性能研究

采用热压成型工艺制备了纳米ZnO填充超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)复合材料,采用销-盘式摩擦磨损试验机考察了纳米粒子对复合材料摩擦磨损性能的影响;采用扫描电子显微镜观察复合材料磨损表面形貌.结果表明:填充15%～20%的纳米ZnO可以显著改善UHMWPE的摩擦磨损性能;复合材料的磨损机理随纳米粒子含量的增加而变化,纯UHMWPE的磨损机理主要为粘着磨损和疲劳磨损,随着复合材料中纳米粒子含量增加,疲劳磨损特征逐渐消失,当其纳米粒子含量大于15%时,其磨损机理主要为粘着磨损;复合材料磨损表面出现了贫ZnO区和富ZnO区,且富ZnO区以"岛"的形式分布在贫ZnO区中.     

低能X射线工业CT图像杯状伪影校正

为了去除X射线工业CT图像中的杯状伪影,提高CT图像的识别能力和量化分析精度,提出一种基于分度投影和权函数的射束硬化校正方法。首先分析得出杯状伪影主要是由X射线连续谱穿过被测物体过程中出现的射束硬化所导致。然后扫描阶梯模型,采集不同厚度下的投影数据并求出线衰减系数,通过拟合曲线,得到硬化模型函数和权函数校正模型函数,并确定权函数。接着,扫描被测圆柱形工件,采集不同分度下的投影数据。最后,针对每一个分度投影数据,采用权函数与当前分度投影数据乘积的方法进行硬化校正。对含有杯状伪影的实际CT图像进行了校正实验,结果表明,与多项式拟合法相比,该方法校正后的灰度图像没有放大噪声,且信噪比提高3.29%,有效地消除了杯状伪影,同时较好地保留了图像边界细节。     

一种基于粒子滤波的雷达抗欺骗干扰方法

针对雷达的抗欺骗干扰问题,利用欺骗干扰信号强于目标信号的特点,基于粒子滤波进行了抗欺骗干扰研究。当存在欺骗干扰时,粒子滤波中各粒子的重要性权值会明显减小,据此可以检测干扰,并对受到干扰的数据点进行置零处理,使得欺骗干扰不再与匹配滤波器匹配,从而达到抑制干扰的目的。设计的粒子滤波算法不需要估计系统状态转移函数、系统量测噪声,从而使得算法更具实用性。仿真结果表明,该算法能有效地抑制欺骗干扰,且对干信比不敏感。     

基于指标分类权重与未确知测度的装备战场损伤等级评估模型

成功的战场抢修是战斗力的"倍增器",而快速、准确的战场损伤评估是战场抢修决策和战场态势预测的前提.针对战场损伤评估中的未确知性,首先引入专家可信度对指标值进行处理;其次,通过指标本身输出的信息熵客观地确定指标的分类权重;接着在未确知数学理论及算法基础上给出了一种新的装备战场损伤等级评估模型,最后对某火炮的战损等级情况进行评判.结果表明:模型不仅能够组合多个损伤因素的估计问题,而且能够处理由不确定性信息导致的未确知性,并给出未知信息的置信度,较准确地反映了装备战场损伤程度,是装备战场损伤等级评估的一种有效工具.