综述“维修线性流量阀时的内筒设计问题”

综述了竞赛中C题的完成情况与存在问题.     

Epistemological messages conveyed by three high-school and college mathematics textbooks

Mathematics textbooks embody a particular set of assumptions about mathematics or the mathematics intended for students at a particular level. Thus, an epistemological analysis of textbooks can provide some context for understanding, for example, the difficulties many students encounter when moving from high-school to collegiate mathematics. In this study, we consider how typical pre-calculus, calculus, and analysis texts treat the topic of continuity. We find that these texts send conflicting messages regarding the status and purpose of mathematical definitions.     

Notes on contributors

Mathematics in the United States developed slowly over its first one hundred years. Before the appearance of successful mathematics journals, American mathematicians depended on science journals to publish their work. Three journals, the Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, the Memoirs of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and the American Journal of Science and Arts, played pivotal roles in the development of a mathematics publication community.     

考虑专家水平的土木工程质量综合评估模型

应用加权集值统计、属性数学和最小方差等方法 ,建立了考虑专家水平的量化综合评估模型 ,对土木工程质量进行多目标多人的综合评估 ,并给出计算实例 .     

Reinterpretation of two-photon interference experiment using advanced field

The recent two-photon interference experiments by Wang, Zou, and Mandel, with and without a time-dependent light switch introduced into one of interferometer arms, indicate the collapse of photon waves along empty arms, not travelled by the detected photon, at a critical moment on the light cone backwards from the detected photon. It is proposed to interpret the Schrödinger's retarded wave equation as an operator acting on the advanced field satisfying the final condition of the experiment. In this time-symmetrical formulation the advanced field of the detected particle guides the retarded wave from the particle source not to enter empty arms, and the critical moment is interpreted as the time of the passage of the advanced field through the light switch. By changing the relative optical lengths of interferometer arms and observing the independence of the result of the experiment on the relative position of the detectors, we could conceive of the unarousal of the empty wave destined to collapse.     

北京非典型肺炎数学模型

探讨了北京非典型肺炎数学模型 ,利用动力学和非线性回归方法建立了北京非典型肺炎预测模型 .     

Gold nanoparticle–antibody conjugates for specific extraction and subsequent analysis by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry of malondialdehyde-modified low density lipoprotein as biomarker for cardiovascular risk

Oxidized low-density lipoproteins (OxLDLs) like malondialdehyde-modified low-density lipoprotein (MDA-LDL) play a major role in atherosclerosis and have been proposed as useful biomarkers for oxidative stress. In this study, gold-nanoparticles (GNPs) were functionalized via distinct chemistries with anti-MDA-LDL antibodies (Abs) for selective recognition and capture of MDA-LDL from biological matrices. The study focused on optimization of binding affinities and saturation capacities of the antiMDA-LDL-Ab-GNP bioconjugate by exploring distinct random and oriented immobilization approaches, such as (i) direct adsorptive attachment of Abs on the GNP surface, (ii) covalent bonding by amide coupling of Abs to carboxy-terminated-pegylated GNPs, (iii) oriented immobilization via oxidized carbohydrate moiety of the Ab on hydrazide-derivatized GNPs and (iv) cysteine-tagged protein A (cProtA)-bonded GNPs. Depending on immobilization chemistry, up to 3 antibodies per GNP could be immobilized as determined by ELISA. The highest binding capacity was achieved with the GNP-cProtA-Ab bioconjugate which yielded a saturation capacity of 2.24 ± 0.04 μg mL⁻¹ GNP suspension for MDA-LDL with an affinity K_d of 5.25 ± 0.11 × 10⁻¹⁰ M. The GNP-cProtA-antiMDA-LDL bioconjugate revealed high specificity for MDA-LDL over copper(II)-oxidized LDL as well as native human LDL. This clearly demonstrates the usefulness of the new GNP-Ab bioconjugates for specific extraction of MDA-LDL from plasma samples as biomarkers of oxidative stress. Their combination as specific immunoextraction nanomaterials with analysis by LC–MS/MS allows sensitive and selective detection of MDA-LDL in complex samples.     

耐高温端乙炔基聚醚酰亚胺改性含硅芳炔树脂

采用预共聚法,以含硅芳炔树脂(PSA)和端乙炔基聚醚酰亚胺(PEI)为原料,制备了端乙炔基聚醚酰亚胺改性的含硅芳炔(PEI-PSA)树脂及其与T300碳纤维平纹布的复合材料T300/PEI-PSA。通过动态热机械分析(DMA)和X射线能谱仪(EDS)研究了溶剂、溶液浓度、反应温度对预共聚反应的影响,确定了预共聚反应的最佳条件,得到了均匀分散的PEI-PSA树脂。通过红外光谱(FT-IR)、核磁共振氢谱(1 H-NMR)、差示扫描量热(DSC)、热失重(TG)、DMA和EDS等表征了PEI、PEI-PSA树脂及T300/PEI-PSA复合材料的结构和性能。结果表明,当PEI质量分数为20%时,PEI-PSA树脂浇铸体的弯曲强度达44.5 MPa,较PSA树脂浇铸体提高了90.2%;T300/PEI-PSA复合材料的弯曲强度达602.7 MPa,较T300/PSA复合材料的弯曲强度提高了124%。     

The valuation of life contingencies: A symmetrical triangular fuzzy approximation

This paper extends the framework for the valuation of life insurance policies and annuities by Andrés-Sánchez and González-Vila (2012, 2014) in two ways. First we allow various uncertain magnitudes to be estimated by means of fuzzy numbers. This applies not only to interest rates but also to the amounts to be paid out by the insurance company. Second, the use of symmetrical triangular fuzzy numbers allows us to obtain expressions for the pricing of life contingencies and their variability that are closely linked to standard financial and actuarial mathematics. Moreover, they are relatively straightforward to compute and understand from a standard actuarial point of view.     

Symmetry and the golden ratio in the analysis of a regular pentagon

The regular pentagon had a symbolic meaning in the Pythagorean and Platonic philosophies and a subsequent important role in Western thought, appearing also in arts and architecture. A property of regular pentagons, which was probably discovered by the Pythagoreans, is that the ratio between the diagonal and the side of these pentagons is equal to the golden ratio. Here, we will study some relations existing between a regular pentagon and this ratio. First, we will focus on the group of fivefold rotational symmetry, to find the position in the complex plane of the vertices of this geometric figure. Then, we will propose an analytic method to solve the same problem based on the Cartesian coordinates, a method where we find the golden ratio without any specific geometric consideration. This study shows a comparison of the use of complex numbers, symmetries and analytic methods, applied to a subject which can be interesting for general education in mathematics. In fact, the proposed approach can convey and link several concepts, requiring only a general pre-college education, showing at the same time the richness that mathematics can offer in solving geometric problems.